infection-control.pptx in dentistry. Aaa

Dentistry

1. Click on picture to play the animation.

2. Infectious Diseases Infectious diseases are diseases you can “catch”. Humans are susceptible to a wide range of diseases that can be contracted from: Other people (e.g. measles) Insects (e.g. mosquitoes) Animals = zoonosis (e.g. bats, horses, cattle) The environment (e.g. contaminated water, waste) .

3. How infectious diseases are transmitted — modes of transmission Contact transmission – direct contact with infectious blood or body substances . Droplet transmission – infectious agent in large droplets (respiratory secretions / splash / splatter). Airborne transmission – infectious agent in aerosols and are inhaled . Food-borne transmission – consumption of contaminated food. Water-borne transmission – consumption of contaminated water. Vector-borne transmission – carried by a vector e.g . mosquito bites etc.

4. Airborne/Droplet Transmission Large particles (droplets) can carry viruses and bacteria through the air which can then be deposited onto mucous membranes (eye, nose, mouth) of a susceptible person (e.g. via sneezing, coughing, talking). e.g. whooping cough, rubella, mumps, influenza, meningococcal disease. Small particles (aerosols) that are airborne, may also be deposited on mucous membranes or inhaled directly. e.g. tuberculosis, Q fever, legionella, chicken pox, measles .

5. Contact Transmission Direct contact When blood or bodily substances from a person or animal come in direct contact with another person in such a way that it can enter their body. e.g . Infected blood or other bodily fluid enters another person’s system directly, via a wound or via mucous membrane e.g . needle stick injury, diseases passed from mother to foetus , saliva exchange. e.g. Infected blood or other body fluid from an animal , enters another person’s system via a wound or via mucous membranes e.g . bat lyssavirus (scratch/bite ), Ross River virus ( mosquito ).

6. Contact Transmission – Indirect Indirect contact When germs from an infected host or other source are passively transmitted to another person e.g. via an inanimate object. Inanimate objects: e.g. surfaces, keyboards, mouse, telephone, iPad, utensils, cups, toothbrushes, razors, soiled linen, taps and sinks etc.

7. Controlling Infectious Diseases Controlling infectious diseases requires a “ multi-faceted” approach considering: Modes of transmission Evolving diseases and germ resistance People’s behaviour, knowledge & beliefs Environment (where we work, learn & play) Changing circumstances & emergencies Individual requirements & group requirements The department therefore requires a tailored Infection Control Program be implemented

8. Infection Control Program Key elements of and effective Infection Control Program

9. How to Implement Infection Control Promote infection control as standard practice. Know the risks in your workplace, how diseases are transmitted and how to implement controls. Have processes and protocols in place. Have appropriate facilities and consumables ( allocate funds ). Signage e.g. correct hand washing technique. Provide and take part in training sessions. Maintain records of training. Promote vaccination. Adopt a risk management approach to infection control.

10. Protocol for managing infectious diseases If a staff or student/parent advises of an infectious disease… 1 . Maintain confidentiality, but inform the appropriate person at your location (e.g. school admin/workplace manager ). 2 . Actions for School Admin/ Management Determine the nature of the disease? (measles, chickenpox) Confirm diagnosis (i.e. was the disease diagnosed by a doctor?) If confirmed by a doctor, seek relevant information from Queensland Health . When confirmed, the school/workplace may provide information to staff/school community to be aware of symptoms and recommended actions e.g. using a link to a Queensland Health Fact Sheet.

11. Protocol for managing infectious diseases continued Schools / workplaces do not notify Queensland Health , but can call them for advice if needed. If a prescribed contagious condition has been diagnosed the doctor or laboratory will notify Queensland Health. Queensland Health will only notify a school in particular circumstances, e.g. a community cluster/outbreak.

12. Preventing the spread of infection Hand Washing Hand washing is one of the most important measures in preventing transmission of infection. Hands should be washed using soap, water and then dried: BEFORE ‒ handling , preparing or eating food BEFORE AND AFTER ‒ assisting students with eating/meals ‒ assisting students with toileting ‒ providing first aid or medication ‒ contact with an ill or injured person AFTER ‒ contact with blood or body fluids ( this includes your own e.g. sneezing/coughing) ‒ removal of protective gloves ‒ using the toilet; and ‒ after contact with animals.

13. Vaccination Vaccination is not mandatory for staff or students of the department. However where a vaccination exists, this is the highest order of protection from the infectious disease. Vaccination boosts the immune system and creates immunity that protects from an infection without causing the suffering of the disease itself.   Most vaccines contain a little bit of the disease germ that is weak or dead. Vaccines do NOT contain the type of germ that makes you sick. Getting the vaccine is a much safer way to make antibodies without having to suffer the disease itself.

14. Occupation Specific Vaccination Recommended Vaccinations for : Persons who work with children ‒ Influenza ‒ MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) ‒ Pertussis (whooping cough) ‒ Varicella (chicken pox ). Staff working in early childhood education and care ‒ All of the above plus hepatitis A. Source: Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition

15. Vaccination Funding Staff Type Disease Funding Source School Cleaners School’s Officers Teacher Aides Hepatiti s A Hepatitis B Workplace Living and working in outer islands of Torres Strait Japanese Encephalitis Workplace At risk of acquiring TB Tuberculosis Workplace – check with TB Control unit Ag studies – with risk of exposure to Q fever Q fever Workplace All staff participating in Annual Flu Program Seasonal Influenza Funding determined locally All staff National Immunisation Program vaccinations/boosters Self funded

16. Prescribed Contagious Conditions Prescribed Contagious Conditions as defined by Queensland’s Public Health Act 2005 - Chapter 5 Part 2 chickenpox (varicella) diphtheria enterovirus 71 gastroenteritis german measles (rubella) haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) hepatitis A influenza measles meningococcal disease (bacterial) poliomyelitis typhoid and paratyphoid tuberculosis whooping cough (pertussis) Fact Sheet for Schools and Education and Care Services Public Health Act 2005 – Contagious Conditions Fact Sheet for Schools and Education and Care Services Information for Schools, Education and Care Services and Child Care Services

17. Protocols for prescribed contagious conditions Under the Public Health Act 2005 children with a prescribed contagious condition should not attend school or childcare until well and non-infectious. Unvaccinated children may need to stay away during a measles outbreak if they are at risk of infection or infecting others. Following consultation with Queensland Health, school principals can require children to stay away for a specified period if they have or are suspected to have a contagious condition . Staff are expected to model appropriate behaviour and stay away from the workplace if they are unwell or infectious . If a staff member contracts a work-caused serious illness as defined by Work Health and Safety Legislation, this is to be notified to Workplace Health and Safety Queensland by the workplace.

18. Diseases related to pregnancy Our departmental workplaces have a large number of females on site. Infectious diseases that could impact on pregnancy should be highlighted and precautions noted. Those considering pregnancy or who are pregnant should tell their doctor about their work requirements, seek advice about any recommended vaccinations/precautions and know your immunisation status. Refer to the procedure Pregnancy in the Workplace Any issues with regard to work placement or leave should be discussed with your Officer-in-Charge. Infectious Diseases that can impact on pregnancy. Measles Mumps Rubella Influenza Chickenpox (Varicella) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Parvovirus

19. What are your key responsibilities? Know your immunisation status Review your immunisation records. If you don’t have any, consider a blood test to confirm your existing immunisation status. You may find you need a “booster”. Keep this information handy. Stay home when unwell Staff are expected to model appropriate behaviour and stay home when they are unwell or infectious . Promote and follow Standard Precautions for Infection Control Good hygiene practices, hand washing, cough and sneeze etiquette etc.

20. What are your responsibilities? Prevent the spread of infectious diseases Understand and adhere to procedures Infection Control and the Infection Control Guideline Understand and adhere to procedure Management of Prescribed Contagious Conditions Implement and follow an Infection Control Program that has been developed for your workplace Seek advice if required.

21. Questions?