Infection-Source, Reservoir, Transmission & Prevention

The slides have been carefully designed to meet all the present standards and reliablility. This will be definitely helpful for students seminars for medical, dental and paramedical undergraduates .

1. Infection Dr. Jasmine Vinshia Assistant Professor Department Of Microbiology Rajas Medical Institutions

2. Entry and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in the body which produces tissue injury and results in diseased condition

3. Primary Infection Secondary Infection Reinfection Latent Infection Cross Infection Nosocomial Infection Acute Infection Chronic Infection Opportunistic Infection Infection

4. Primary Infection – The initial or first infection caused by an infecting organism. Secondary Infection – When the resistance level of the host is lowered due to a pre-existing infection, a new organism produces a disease. Reinfection – Subsequent infection by the same organism in the same host. Latent Infection – When the pathogens of a particular disease remains in a dormant(hidden) state but when the host immunity is lowered becomes active and cause infection. Cross Infection – When a new infection from a patient or a healthy carrier is produced in an already infected person. Nosocomial Infection – Cross infections acquired in hospitals. Acute Infection – When an infection lasts only for a short time(few days to weeks). Chronic Infection – When an infection lasts for longer period of time(months to years). Opportunistic Infection – An infection with organisms which are normally harmless but produces infection when the host immune system is lowered. Definitions

5. Healthy Carrier – Who carries the pathogen but remains healthy and not gets infected Temporary Carrier – Who carries the pathogenic for less than 6months. Chronic Carrier – Who carries the pathogen for a long period of time (few months to years). Paradoxical carrier – Who acquires the pathogen from another carrier. Contact Carrier – Who acquires the pathogen from a patient. Convalescent Carrier – Who still carries the pathogen in his system after getting healed from the infection.

6. Endogenous Source Source of Infection is host own body. Causes Autoinfection. Caused by organisms when they are misplace in the same body. Eg - E.coli (normal commensal of GIT) causes UTI when passes to urinary tract, Streptococcus viridans (normal commensal of oral cavity) causes endocarditis when passes to endocardium through circulation.

7. EXogenous Source Patient, Carriers Insects Contact with Soil Contaminated Water Contaminated Food From Animals( Zoonosis )

8. Portal Of Entry Portal Of Entry Organism Disease Alimentary Tract Salmonella typhi Typhoid Vibrio cholerae Cholera Clostridium botulinium Food Poisoning Entamoeba histolytica Amoebic Dysentery Respiratory Tract Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Urogenital Tract Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhoea Treponema pallidum Syphilis Inoculation Female Anopheles Mosquito Malaria Rhabdo Virus Rabies

9. Portal Of Exit Portal Of Exit Organism Disease Faeces Salmonella typhi Typhoid Vibrio cholerae Cholera Entamoeba histolytica Amoebic Dysentery Urine Salmonella typhi Typhoid Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculosis Sputum/Saliva Rhabdo Virus Rabies Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia Skin & Mucous Membrane Mycobacerium leprae Leprosy Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhoea Treponema pallidum Syphilis Secretions( Nose,Throat ) Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria Bordetella pertussis Whooping cough Eye Secretions Chlamydial trachomatis Trachoma Blood Female Anopheles Mosquito Malaria

10. Direct Transmission Direct Contact(STDs) Indirect Contact ( Fomites ) Infected Hands Droplet Infection Congenital

11. INDirect Transmission-THROUGH VEHICLE Contaminated Water Contaminated Milk Contaminated Food Contaminated Blood

12. DIRECT TRANSMISSION Body Contact Direct Contact – Eg:AIDS,Syphilis Indirect Contact – Eg : Diphtheria, pneumonia Infected Hands Eg : Staphylococci, Enteric pathogens Droplet Infection Eg : TB, Whooping cough Congenital Eg : Rubella, AIDS INDIRECT TRANSMISSION VEHICLE TRANSMISSION Through Contaminated Water Eg : Amoebic dysentery, Cholera, Polio 2. Through Contaminated milk Eg : TB, Brucellosis 3. Through Contaminated Food Eg : Enteric Fever Through Contaminated Blood Eg : Hepatitis, AIDS VECTOR TRANSMISSION Mechanical Vector Eg : Diarrhoea, Typhoid 2. Biological Vector Eg : Malaria, Filaria

13. TOXINS

14. Wash Them Off !!