Information technology

uses of information technology in health care

1. Information Technology History and Development In the 1960s and 1970s, the term information technology (IT) was a little known phrase that was used by those who worked in places like banks and hospitals to store information. With the paradigm shift to computing technology and "paperless" workplaces, information technology has come to be a household phrase.

2. Cont….. It defines an industry that uses computers, networking, software programming, and other equipment and processes to store, process, transmit, and protect information. In the 1980s the world moved into the information age every one using the personal computer for work.

3. Modern Technology By the early 21st century, nearly every child in the Western world, and many in other parts of the world, knew how to use a personal computer. Businesses ' information technology departments have gone from using storage tapes created by a single computer operator to interconnected networks of employee workstations that store information in a server farm, often somewhere away from the main business site.

4. Types of Information System Transaction Processing System (TPS) Management Information System (MIS) Decision support System (DSS) Office Automation System (OAS) Expert System

5. Transaction processing system :- A  Transaction Processing System is a set of information which processes the data transaction in database system that monitors transaction programs . E.g.-sporting event ticket.

6. Management information system:- A system that provides decision makers with preselected information Usually provides information in the form of computer-generated reports Detailed, summary, exception. Information is generated from data obtained from transaction processing

7. Decision Support System (DSS) A decision support system (DSS) is a computerized program used to Support determinations, Judgments, Courses of action in an organization or a business. Analyzes massive amounts of data, Compiling comprehensive information Solve problems and in decision-making Gathers and analyzes data, Synthesizing it to produce comprehensive information reports. Collect data. Timely problem-solving Improved efficiency in dealing with issues or operations, Planning, and even management.

8. Office Automation System Office automation refers to the integration of office functions usually related to managing information. There are many tools used to automate office functions and the spread of electronic processors inside computers as well as inside copiers and printers is at the center of most recent advances in office automation. Raw data storage, electronic data transfer, and the management of electronic business information comprise the basic activities of an office automation system. The advent of the personal computer revolutionized office automation, and today, popular operating systems and user interfaces dominate office computer systems.

9. History of computing hardware A computer is an electronic device made up of electronic circuits and wires, etc. In the modern age, computer is the most advanced tool for solving wide range of practical problems. More precisely, “a computer is an electronic device which works under the instructions of stored programmes automatically accepting result or output of that processing”. It manipulates the number of symbols, which it accepts input, processes this input and reproduces this as output in a formatted manner. The word Computer has been derived from the word COMPUTE.

10. Fundamentals of Computer Architecture Speed : Computers can calculate at very high Speeds. Storage : Computers have their main memory and auxiliary memory systems can store a large amount of data. Accuracy : The accuracy of a computer system is very high. Versatility : Computers are very versatile machines. Ranging from simple calculations to performing complex CAD modeling Simulation for navigating missiles and satellites. v. Automation: Computers can be programmed to perform a series of complex tasks, involving multiple programmes . Computers can perform things flawlessly. vi. Diligence : Diligence means being constant and earnest in effort and application. Computer

11. Uses Military application : With their large and cost Mainly performed scientific calculations Often to support military objectives Creative Art : Entertainment Video games Robotics : Computers have been used to control mechanical devices since they became small and chief. Net working and the Internet : Computers have been used to coordinate information in multiple locations.

12. Features Rapid Response Reliability Inflexibility Controlled processing

13. Software It must be given a detailed list of instructions, called a computer program or software , that tells it exactly what to do. Definition: It can be defined as a complete set of instruction which enables the computer to obtain the solution to a problem It is a collection of programs, functions, procedures, routines etc. in a logical manner

14. Types of Software System software : Background programs that control a computer system Acts as a mediator between application programs and the computer system’s hardware, as well as between the PC and the user. Application software : Programs that allow a user to perform specific tasks on a computer Word processing, playing a game, preparing taxes, browsing the Web, General-Purpose – programs that perform common information processing jobs for end users

15. Application-Specific – support specific applications of end users in business and other fields Software Development Custom Software – software applications that are developed within an organization for use by that organization. Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS) Software – software that is developed by a software developer with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies.

16. Common programs Microsoft Word Corel WordPerfect Apple Pages Microsoft Word Word processing(Writer)

17. Present role of IT It is accepted that telecommunication is a basic infrastructure necessary for economic and social development of a country. This is even becoming stronger than ever as information related economic activities are growing. Information and communications technology may be described as the support of the central nervous system of complex societies, transmitting and processing information and commands among the various parts of such societies. Internet plays a fundamental function in IT role

18. Benefits from IT Information and communications technology carries on high promise both in human and economic terms. Benefits could be obtained in:- Education Job training Health care Food security Environment management Government efficiency

19. A. The Role of Information Technology In An Organization Communication :- Basic need for most human activities Traditional- telephone, fax, mail. In the new information era- e-mail, internet, video conferencing the new communication technology enables people located in different places to work together Data consist of the raw facts and figures that are processed into information manipulated for use in decision making Hardware and Software Hardware consist of all the machinery and equipment in a computer system. Software, or programs, consists of all the electronic instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.

20. Data Management :  There is no need to keep papers about every detail in an organization. Now, organizations have digitized most of their data. This data is stored in a database and employees access and share this information through a decentralized computing system. In a decentralized computing environment, the organization splits computing power and locates it in business areas as well as on the desktop of knowledge workers. So employees and managers can send queries to the database and retrieve data and use it in way required. This saves time and it also improves on decision making with in the organization.

21. Management Information Systems : With the use of MIS, data can be accessed and used in a given period of time. MIS reports summarize or aggregate information to support decision-making tasks. So, MIS’s are systems that have information-processing responsibilities that include information through online analytical processing (OLAP) and conveying information to whoever needs. It is very important for employees and managers to access data anytime for quick decision making.

22. B. The Role of Information Technology In Student’s Life Easy access to educational material :  Today, students can access books and research notes online. Unlike in the past when a student had to borrow a book from a physical library for a specific period, now days they can access most this data inform of e-books or electronic libraries. Library mobile Apps have been developed to enable students get library material on their mobile phones. Gadgets like Ipad , Amazon Kindle book reader have simplified students life.

23. Ability to study from anywhere Online education has unlocked many boundaries for students. A student can now study from any were and work from any where. For example:- accounting courses like ACCA can be done online and students who qualify can work from anywhere, this increases on their chances of competing for high qualified jobs in developed markets around the world .

24. Health information technology (HIT) It is information technology applied to health and health care. It supports health information management across computerized systems and the secure exchange of health in formation between consumers, providers, payers, and quality monitors . 

25. According to a 2006 report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, broad and consistent utilization of HIT will Improve health care quality or effectiveness Increase health care productivity or efficiency Prevent medical errors and increase health care accuracy and procedural correctness Reduce health care costs Increase administrative efficiencies and healthcare work processes

26. Decrease paperwork and unproductive or idle work time Extend real-time communications of health informatics among health care professionals Expand access to affordable care IT has enabled the globalization of the economy and competition, and caused large-scale changes in many industries IT is also bringing a major shift in the job market; resulting in a more polarized occupational structure, consisting of highly skilled well paid jobs lower skilled low wages.

27. On-line services :- The rapid development of the Internet and the World Wide Web has enabled many services that traditionally required face to face meetings to be delivered on-line. Internet distance learning: opportunities of university education, widening access to higher education (delivering teaching and learning to people who cannot attend lectures)-increases a country’s competitiveness in a global market. E-business: Internet provides a virtual market place for buyers, suppliers, distributors and sellers to exchange information negotiate and trade.

28. Tele-working :- Flexibility in working conditions, less office space, more productive workers used in education? E-mail Distance learning How are computers being used in health and medicine? Telemedicine Robots how will computers affect my financial matters? Virtual money Micro-Credits

29. Positive impact of information technology development Simplify access to information needed for various purposes. Make it easier for companies or individual business transaction-based information technology or so-called E- Commerce The rapid advancement in information technology, internet and other media, facilitate the entry of banned sites and violence. Ease of transactions via the Internet will provide opportunities to perform transacts forbidden, such as drug and contraband transactions.

30. Uses of computers in nursing practice Bedside data entry. Computer based patients records Client monitoring Local and Distant Telenursing Practice management Scheduling

31. Uses of computers in nursing administration Human resource Medical records Quality assurance Accreditation Budget and finance

32. Uses of computers in nursing research Literature search Data collection Data analysis Research dissemination

33. Nursing skills required to use computers Adapt the use of technologies to meet patient need. Teach patients about healthcare technologies Protect the safety and privacy of patients in relation to the use of healthcare and information technologies Use information technologies to enhance one’s own knowledge base.

34. Computerization can be absorbed and adopted into virtually every area of nursing services eg : clinical nursing education and nursing research or To recognize the need for continued learning for personal and professional development is one of objective of nursing education laid down by INC. Thus a nursing student must not only have foundation of knowledge and skill acquires in course of learning but develop the ability of acquiring knowledge during the rest of her professional development

35. CONCLUSION The importance and influence of IT field is cannot be bound in word. IT is useful in all areas many tourism businesses are involved in developing their internet services including traditional travel agents, tour operators, national tourist offices, airlines, hotels and other accommodation providers and car hire firms there are so many functions of day today life based on computer and utilization of information technology. Like study, health system, economic condition, banking, traveling, entertainment, all the day today work so the new beneficial changes are need to adopt and perform for us in information technology for better future.

36. Bibliography Book references :- Shabeer p basher, S Yaseen Khan, A Concise textbook of advance nursing practice, second edition, EMMESS medical publishers, pp. 779 – 789. Navdeep Kaur Brar , HC Rawat , Textbook of Advance Nursing Practice, first edition 2015, jaypee publications, p. 947 – 957. Net references- http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/nursing http://currentnursing.com/nursing_management/documentation.html https://www.wipro.com/en-IN/holmes/

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