Information Technology Unit -1 new.pptx

basic of information technology

1. Information Technology

2. Introduction to Information Technology The term “information technology” (IT) describes the processing , storing , and exchanging of data via computers, networking, and other hardware. Technology is an essential part of modern society since it facilitates industry-wide innovation, automation, and communication. It is crucial for both personal and professional environment , network connectivity, data management and cyber security.

3. History And Evolution of (IT) The development of computers began in the early 20th century with mechanical calculators and basic analog systems. The first general-purpose electronic computers, like ENIAC, were developed during the 1940s. Over time, computing technology evolved rapidly: 1940s–1960s: Mainframes and vacuum tubes 1970s: Introduction of microprocessors and personal computers 1980s–1990s: Widespread adoption of desktop PCs, development of the internet 2000s–present: Growth of mobile computing, cloud services, and artificial intelligence.   Note :- ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was the world's first general-purpose electronic computer. 

4. Role of IT in Modern Society Almost every element of life has changed as a result of IT, including healthcare, education, business, and entertainment. Productivity and innovation have been pushed by the availability of mobile devices, cloud computing, and high-speed internet. Additionally, IT is essential to globalization since it allows companies to function across time zones and boundaries.  

5. Computer Hardware 40% 10% 35% 25% The core function of a computer is to process data. To perform this function, it relies on several key components:

6. Understanding Computer Components 01 Cpu The brain of the computer that performs calculations and executes commands. 02 Memory Device that is used to store data or programs (sequences of instructions) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in an electronic digital computer. 03 Storage Permanent storage for data, including hard drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD). 04 Peripherals Devices that extend the functionality of a computer, such as keyboards, mice, and printers.

7. Types of Memory 1. Volatile memory :- This temporary memory requires a constant power supply to store data and loses it when the power is interrupted. Volatile memory is fast and efficient, and is often used for temporary data storage, such as data used by software applications or computers. Example – [ RAM ] 2. Non-volatile memory :- This permanent memory retains data even when the power is off or the system is shut down. Non-volatile memory is often used for long-term data storage, such as secondary storage in computers, firmware storage in devices, and portable storage devices.  Example – [ ROM ] , Hard disk, Portable Storage Device .

8. Desktop and Laptop The most common types of personal computers, designed for general use. Servers Computers that manage network resources and provide services to other devices on a network. Mobile Device Smartphones and tablets, optimized for portability and connectivity. Types Of Computers

9. Input And Output Devices 2 1 Input Device (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner) allow users to enter data into the computer. Output Device (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers) enable the computer to display results to the user.

10. Software Fundamentals Software :- Software is  a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks . It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. 

11. Operating System and Their Function An operating system (OS) manages the computer's hardware and software resources. It provides the interface between the user and the hardware, managing tasks such as file storage, memory allocation, and process scheduling. Common operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

12. Types of Software 1. System software :- Manages and coordinates a computer's hardware and software, and provides a platform for application software to run on. System software runs in the background, maintaining the computer's basic functions.  Example - S ystem software include operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. 2. Application software :- Performs specific tasks for users, such as creating images and videos, organizing data and information, and managing resources.  Example - A pplication software include web browsers, word processors, and spreadsheets. 

13. Introduction to Software Development Software development is the process of creating applications and systems software through coding and programming. Popular programming languages include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript, each with its own applications and use cases.