Infra Construction Safety Management....

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1. Construction Safety
Management
Unit-I

2. Syllabus
•ConstructionSafetyManagement:roleofvarious
parties,dutiesandresponsibilitiesoftop
management,sitemanagers,supervisorsetc.roleof
safetyofficers,responsibilitiesofgeneralemployees,
safetycommittee,safetytraining,incentivesand
monitoring,writingsafetymanuals,preparingsafety
checklistsandinspectionreports.

3. Introduction
•ConstructionactivityinIndiahastravelledalongdistance,fromthe
humblebeginningofbuildingsimplestructuresandroadsandminor
civilworkprojects,theindustryhaschangedsignificantly
particularlyovertheyearsfollowingindependence.
•Thesocialconcernofthesafetyofconstructionworkersandtheir
protectionagainstinjuryarisingoutoftheiremploymenthasbeen
quiteevidentfromalongterm.

4. Construction Industry

5. Introduction
•ImportanceofSafety
•Theconstructionindustry,employingthelargestlabour
forceinthecountryhasaccountedforabout11%ofall
occupationalinjuriesand20%ofalldeathsresultingfrom
occupationalaccidents.Thecostofaccidentsisexpensive.
However,economiccostisnottheonlyreasonforwhicha
contractorshouldbeconsciousofsafety.Thereasonsfor
consideringsafetyinclude:

6. Construction Safety

7. Introduction
•HumanitarianConcern:Whentheaccidenthappens,theresulting
sufferingoftheinjuredworkersandtheirfamiliesisdifficultto
quantifyineconomicterms.Thecontractorshouldneverignoreifhe
hasinsuranceagainstaccidents.
•EconomicReasons:Evenifacontractorhasinsurance,hewillfind
outthatthecostofaccidentswillcomeoutofhisownpocket
throughanincreaseinincreasepremiums.Inaddition,thereare
otheindirectcoststhatresultfromaccidents.Thedirect&indirect
costofaccidentscanbe

8. Construction Safety

9. Introduction
DirectCost
•MedicalCareexpensesforinjured
•Workmen’scompensationcosts
•Insurancepremiumincreases.
•Replacementcostofequipmentandmaterialdamagedinaccidents.
•Facilityrepairandcleanup
•Replacementcostofequipmentadmaterialdamagedinaccidents
•Facilityrepairandcleanup.
•Feeforlegalcounsel

10. Construction Safety

11. Introduction
IndirectCost
•Slowdowninoperation
•Decreaseinmoralewhichaffectsproductivity
•Productivetimelostbyinjuredworkerandfellowworkers
•Administrativeworkassociatedwithaccidents
•Lossofclients
•Overtimenecessitatedbyworkslowdown

12. Construction Safety

13. Introduction
•Laws&RegulationsAsperdifferentacts&Laws,the
employershouldlookafterthesafetyoftheemployee.
Violationoftheselawswillbesubjectedtopunishment.
OrganizationalImage
•AgoodsafetyRecordcanproducehighermoraleand
productivityandstrongeremployeeloyalty.Itwillalso
improvethecompany’spublicImageandthereforemakeit
easiertoacquirenegotiatedjobs.

14. Construction Safety

15. Construction Safety

16. Safety in construction Industry
•AnorganizationsetupSafetyEngineeringDepartment
hastoplaybasicallytheroleofcatalystwhich
communicatesthemessageofsafetyandmotivates
theemployeetoadoptsafepractices.Forexercising
theireffectivecontroloverunsafepracticesandensue
safetyeach&everylinemanagerhastounderstand
theimportanceofsafety.

17. Role of Managers
•Safe Production should be motto of the manager. With a strong
conviction of safety, he has to impart the message.
•Instruction of Work
•This should contain all the element of information
•Who: Assignment of Responsibility
•How: Standard operating practices
•When: time schedule
•Where: Place of work
•What: The work to be assigned

18. Role of Managers

19. Role of Managers
•Instructionshouldbeclear,specific,easilyunderstoodbyemployees.
Ifanyoftheaboveelementismissingitwillresultin“
CommunicationGap”.
.Supervision
•Alinemanagershouldwatchcloselywhetherhisinstructionare
followedand100%safepractices.
•Persuasion
•Employeearetobepersuadedtomoldtheirbehaviortoadoptsafe
practices.5minsafetyinteractionbytheshiftin-chargebefore
deploymentonthejobwillslowlychangeemployee’sbehavior

20. Role of Managers

21. Role of Managers
•Training:
•Everyjobdemandsaleveloftechnicalknowledgeandskill.It’sthe
responsibilityofalinemanagertotraintheemployeetogain
knowledgeandskillcomparabletojobhazards.
•Motivation
•Tomotivatetheemployeetoobservesafetynorms,shouldbe
encouragedbythelinemanagers.Ateamorindividualwhoissafety
consciousshouldbesuitableandtimelyrewarded.Thefirstprinciple
istopracticewhatwepreach.

22. Role of Managers

23. Role of Managers
•Summing Up:
•A line manager has the following role to play:
•To ensure operation with acceptable safety standards.
•To ensure follow up of all stator norms and safety recommendations
•To keep employee informed about hazards, risks and safety measures.
•To procure material and equipment which meet safety requirement.
•To formulate and implement standard operating and maintenance
practices.
•To ensure proper up keep of equipment.
•To ensure proper work environment.
•To formulate and implement inspection schedules for house-keeping

24. Role of Managers

25. Role of Managers
•Toensurerestrictedentryinvital/hazardousinstallation.
•Toarrangeforsuitablejobandsafetytrainingbyexpertfaculties.
•Toensureuseofsafetyappliancesasperjobs,
•Toensurepropersafetytrainingtonewemployee.
•Toshowconcernforsafetyineveryjobs.
•Toplanforemergencysituationsandmakearrangementsi.e..Fire
fightingtransport,medicalservices.

26. Role of Safety Officers
•Thebasicfunctionsofsafetyofficerscanbelistedasfollows:
•Inspectionofshops,andequipment's,withaviewtoidentificationof
hazards,unsafepracticesandconditions,
•AssessmentofHazardsandhelpliquidationofUnsafepointsothatatleast
acceptablelevelofriskisachieved.
•Investigationofallminorandmajoraccidentsanddocumentationsof
statisticsandbuildingofmanagementinformationsystem
•Communicationofinformationtostatutorybodyandthemanagement.
•Checkingofsystemofwork,identifythelapsesandgivingfeedbackto
managementforsettingthingsright.

27. Role of Safety Officers

28. Role of Safety Officers
•Toliaisonwithfactoryinspectorandensurecomplianceofstatutory
norms.
•Toeducateallemployeeregardingprovisionsunderfactoryact.
•Traininganddeploymentbasedonneedbasedsafetytraininginputs
includingcontractorworkers.
•Safetymonitoringofmajorrepairassociatedinprotocoljobs.
•ToorganizesafetyAudits.
•Tocreatesafetyawarenessbyinnovativeworkinthefieldofsafety,
displayposters,hoardings,banners,slogans.
•TomonitorandensureexcellenceinindustrialSafetyManagement.

29. Role of Safety Officers

30. Role of Employee
•FollowingarethemodelcodeofCodeofconduct.
•Everyemployeewillco-operatewiththeemployerincarryingout
theprovisionsofthiscode.
•Everyemployeeshallforthwithreporttheemployerortheforeman
anydefectthathemaydiscoverintheIndustrialEstablishmentorthe
appliancesusedthereon
•Everyemployeeshallmakeproperuseofallsafeguards,safety
devicesandtheappliancefurnishedinaccordancewiththecodefor
hisprotectionortheprotectionofothersandshallobeyallsafety
instructionsmadeorapprovedbythecompetentauthority,
pertainingtohiswork.

31. Role of Employee

32. Role of Employee
•Noemployeeshallinterferewithremove,displace,damageor
destroyanysafetydevicesortheotherappliancesfurnishedforhis
protection,ortheprotectionofothersorinterferewithanymethod
orprocessadoptedwithaviewtominimizingoccupationalhazards.
•Allemployeeshallcomply,inregardtotheirconduct,withthe
requirementoftheircode.

33. Role of Employee

34. Approaches to Safety
•Mr.TrevorKietzofICIU.Khasenlistedvariousapproachestosafety.
•ThePristType:Thisisamethodofsermongivingwhereasafetymanagerconveysonly
benefitsofsafetytotheworkers.
•TheLawerType:Suchmanagersbelievesinstatutoryobligations.Heseeseveryaspectof
safetywithreferencestoactsandrules.
•PoliceMantype:Heseessafetywithpunishmentangleandbrandsinjuredemployeeas
careless.Heimposessafetywithoutgoingintodetails.Heisafaultfindernotafact
finder.
•Staticiantype;Inthismethodstatisticsarecollectedandsafetyneedsareexplainedon
thisbasis.
•Engineerlike:Hebelievesthattheonlywaytocombactevilofaccidentsisby
introducingtechnicalsysteminindustrialactivities.
•Postmantypeapproach:Hebelievesindisplayofsafetypostersandslogans.
•Alltheabovemethodsseparatelyappliedyieldspartialresults.

35. Role of Management in Ensuring Safety
•ThebasicingredientofsafetyManagementcanbelistedasfollows:
•Tosetupastrongfoundationbysuitablestaffingofsafety
managers.(Organizing)
•Toestablishasystemofreporting,Investigation,datacollection,
analysisanddecisionmaking.(Organizing)
•Topredict,discover,controlandeliminatethehazards(Planning)
•Topromotesafetyactivitiestoimpartknowledgeandskill(Leading)
•Toappriseworkerregardingman-machineinterface
(Communication)

36. Role of Management in Ensuring Safety

37. Role of Management in Ensuring Safety
•Toanalyzethecauseofaccidentsintimeandenforceremedies
(Planning)
•Tomotivateworkersbysuitablerewardsandrecognition(Leading)
•Tobekeeningoodhousekeeping,removingunsafecondition
(Organizing)
•Tocareforjobsatisfactionbyproperdeployment.(Leading)
•Tomakedisastermanagementplan&enforce(Planning)
•Tomakeactionplanforeachmanagerswithintimeframeand
review(Planning)
•Discussiononcomplianceandcorrectiveaction(Controlling)

38. Role of Management in Ensuring Safety

39. Safety Management
•Safetymanagementisessentialforthedesiredchangesinsystemofworkand
attitudes.
•Itdevelopsasenseofsafetyinworkactivities.
•Ithelpsinacquiringbasicknowledgeofhazardsandprecautions.
•Toprepareemployeetomakeusefulcontribution
•Todevelopcleanhabits
•Toincreaseefficiencyintheuseoftools,equipment'sandprocesses.
•Toconsiderandimplementusefulandeffectivesuggestions.
•Tomakeworkplacemorepleasantandhumanwiththeapplicationof
ergonomicsandhousekeeping.
•TogeneratefeelingofParticipationandJobsatisfaction,
•Toachievethegoalofquality,productivityandprofit.

40. Safety Management

41. Management Aspect
•Safety Manual
•Prepare a safety manual for the company.
•Safety Co-coordinator
•Depute full time/ part time safety coordinators depending upon the
size of the project site and natural hazards.
•Worker Screening
•Screening of Workmen

42. Management Aspect
•ProjectSafetyPlan
•PrepareaprojectsafetyPlan
•(a)OverallScopeofwork:Fabrication,erection,excavation,
concreting,brickwork,finishingwork,painting,blasting,non
destructivetests,etc.
•(b)ObligationChart:Responsibilityofthelinefunctionariesand
reportingofthelinefunctionariesandreportingofthesafety
engineeringfunctions

43. Management Aspect
•©SafetyCommittee(alljobs)
•Structures:Chairman,SecretaryandMembers
•Roles&Responsibilities
•ProjectManager
•SafetyCommitteemembers
•Safetycoordinators
•Siteengineers
•Firstlinesupervisors/Engineers
•Subcontractors

44. Management Aspect
(d)JobRelatedspecificPPE
(e)GeneralSitesafetyRules
•UseofPPEandsafetydevicesrelevanttositeactivities
•Generalhousekeeping,stackingofmaterials.
•Roadsafetyinsidetheprojects
•Access/egressandworkstationsafety.
•SafeUseofConstructionPower.
•WorkpermitSystem
•Useofmaintenanceandinspectionofplantandmachinery
•Useofsafematerialshandlingandpersonalhandlingequipment.
•FirePreventionandprotection
•ContingencyPlan

45. Management Aspect

46. Management Aspect
•IdentificationofHighRisk/HazardousOperationsinthesiteandtheirAppropriate
SafetyMeasures.
•Structuralandequipmenterection
•Excavation
•Concreting
•Precasterection
•Piledriving
•Roadworks:existingroads/newroads
•Blasting
•Use,handling,storageofcompressedgascylinder
•PressureTesting
•Tunneling

47. Management Aspect

48. Management Aspect
•ChecklistandReports
•GeneralSiteSafetyInspections
•Excavation,demolition,blasting,scaffoldings,ladders,working
platforms,PPE,structuralfabricationanderection,gascuttingand
welding,meansofaccess,electricalwork,firepreventionand
protection,roadsafety,firstaidbox,safetyboards,posters,stickers,
drinkingwater,sanitation,emergencyvehicles.

49. Management Aspect

50. Management Aspect
•StatisticsandReports
•AccidentsInvestigationReport
•(a)Actiontakenreport
•(b)Weeklyanalysisofaccidents
•(c)Monthlysafetystatistics
•(d)Registeroffirstaid
•(e)Subcontractors

51. Management Aspect
•JobSafetyAnalysis
•Identityoftasks
•ThirdParty(Competentperson)Inspection,examinationandtesting
•SafetyTraining
•SafetyawarenessProgramme.

52. Safety Information
•CommunicationPlaysanImportantroleinIndustrialSafety
Management.Thereportsaregeneratedforonwardtransmission
sothatmanagerialactionaretakentocreatesafetyawarenessand
liquidationofUnsafepoints.
•I.O.WForms
•DetailsofAccidentsaresentinthis“InjuryonWorks”formatwhich
containsnatureofindustry,causes,dataandtimeofaccident,exact
locationwheretheaccidenttookplacewithotherdetails.Thisformat
issubmittedbythedepartmentaftersignatureofofficerconcerned.

53. Safety Information
•InvestigationandPersonnelForm:
•TheaccidentisinvestigatedbytheteammembersofSection,In
chargeofsafetyandthefactsarefoundoutofwhichhelpsin
collectionofinputinformation.
•FirstInformationReport:
•Theroadaccidentcausedoutsidetheplantarereportedtosafety
EngineeringDept./authorizedrepresentativeofthedepartment
within24hrs.Theinformationissenttopersonaldept.Investigations
arecarriedoutbythememberofsafetyEngineeringDepartmentand
Personnel.

54. Safety Information
•InjuryExtensionCertificate
•InspectionReports
•Thisreportissubmittedbysafetypersonnelafterinspectionof
differentshop/areasandindicatesaboutsafetystatusofdifferent
areas.

55. Approaches To Improve Safety
•RecognizingtheImportanceofsafetyperformance,acontractorcan
approachtheprobleminfourdifferentways:
•OrganizationalApproach,PhysicalApproach,BehavioralApproach,
andeconomicincentives.

56. Approaches To Improve Safety
•OrganizationalApproach
•Asafetyprogrammecannotbesuccessfulwithoutanappropriate
organizationalsetup.Acompanysafetyprogrammeshouldbeapart
ofthecontractor’sbusiness,justasschedulingandcostaccounting,
•SafetyDepartment:
•Aformalsafetydepartmentisessentialinacompany.This
departmentshouldbeinchargeofthesafetyandjobsite
representatives,recordingandanalyzingsafetyandotheraccident
preventionprogrammes.

57. Approaches To Improve Safety
•Committee
•Asafetycommitteeshouldbesetuptoguidetheoperationofsafety
programs.Themembersofthecommitteeshouldincludealllevelsof
workersandmanagementtoreflectopinionsonsafetyfromalllevels.It
shouldreviewthecompany’ssafetyprogrammeperiodically.
•FieldProcedures
•Asystemmustbedesignedtoprocesssafetysuggestionsfromworkers,the
peoplewhocarriesoutthedailyconstructionprocess,sincetheyareinthe
bestpositiontodetectanypossibleaccidents.Theyshouldbereminded
andencouragedtobringoutanyunsafeproceduredetectedintheirdaily
routine.

58. Approaches To Improve Safety

59. Approaches To Improve Safety
•Incentives
•FieldManagementandsupervisorshouldbeevaluatedfor
promotionsandsalaryincreasesintermsofsafetyrecordaswellas
productivityandcost.
•SafetyCost
•Thecostofaccountingsystemshouldbeadjustedtoencouraged
safetybyallocatingsafetycoststocompanyaccountandallocating
accidentcoststoprojectaccounts.

60. Physical Approach
•InPhysicalaspects,acontractorcanimprovesafetyperformanceusingfollowing
guidelines:
•Newworkersshouldbegivenasafetyorientation.
•Foreveryprojectthecontractormuststudyinadvancethepossibleaccidents
thattheproposedconstructionmethods,procedureandequipmentmaycreate.
Thenanaccidentpreventionplanshouldbedevisedtotakecareofthose
accidents.
•Thecontractorshouldenforcetheuseofapprovedequipmentforpersonal
protectionsuchashardhats,safetybelts,glasses,goggles,gloves,etc.
•Thecontractorshouldintegratesafetyprogrammeswithotherprogrammes,
suchasschedulingandbudgetingduringpreplanningprocedure.Thiswillhelp
toidentifypossibleaccidentsinherentintheworktobedone,tosuggest
remedialtrainingifnecessary,toassurethepropertoolsandequipmentwillbe
availableforthework,andtoverifythemethodselectedaresafeaccordingto
requirement.

61. Physical Approach
•Periodiccheckingoftoolsandequipmentifnecessaryinorderto
makesurethattheyarewellmaintained.
•Conductperiodicsafetymeetings,suchtoolboxmeetings,toprovide
safetyeducationonthejob.
•Seekandobtainfullcooperationfromallsubcontractorsonthe
project.

62. Behavioral Approach
•Studiesconducteddisclosethatmorethan80%ofall
accidentsresultfromworker’sunsafeacts,whileonly10%
resultfromfailureofequipment'sorimproperprocedure,
Apparently,thisisthemostpotentialforimprovingsafety
performance.Also,thebehaviorofmanagersoneverylevel
hassignificantlyinfluenceonworkerssafetyperformance

63. Behavioral Approach

64. Behavioral Approach
•Thefollowingguidelineswillbefounduseful:
•Topmanagement,whilevisitingjobsitesormeetinginthemain
officeshouldtalkaboutsafetyinthesamemannerastheytalkabout
schedulesandcosts.Thiswillmakethesubordinatesunderstandthat
safetyisanimportantascostandschedules,sothattheimportance
ofsafetywillnotbeignored.

65. Behavioral Approach
•TheProjectmanagerandthesuperintendentsshouldnotplace
unnecessarypressureonfoemansuchasoveremphasisonmeetingthe
estimatedbudgetandschedule.Usuallythiswillmakeforemenchoose
unacceptablemethodthatoftenleadtohigherpossibilityofaccidents.
•Craftforemenarethekeypersonsinbehavioralapproachastobetter
safety,becausetheyqthepersonswhohavedailycontactwithWorkers.
Theyarealsothepersoninthebestpositiontodetecttheworkers
abnormalbehavior,
•Theforemenalongwithprojectmanagerandsuperintendentshouldtryto
createandmaintaingoodrelationshipbetweenmembersofcrewcraftsIf
workershavepleasantrelationshipwitheachother,theytendtobemore
concernedabouttheirco-workerssafety.

66. Approaches To Improve Safety
•EconomicIncentives
•Ownersaswellascontractorsshouldalwaysbearinmindandtake
intoconsiderationtheeconomicbenefitsduetosafetyatthe
worksite.Ifacompleteestimateshouldbetakenintoaccountforthe
costoftheirsafetyprogrammeaspercentageofdirectfieldlabour
costs,theirestimatewouldresultinsomepositivereturnforthe
amountspentonsafetyprogramme.Thecontractorsshouldalso
rewardworkersforgoodsafetyperformance.Thiscreates
perseveranceontheirparttolearnmore,know,practiceandstrive
towardsahighlevelofsafetyatthejobsite.

67. References
•Construction Safety –R.K Mishra , AITBS Publishers
•Industrial Safety Management –Raj kishorOja, Technology
Publishers

68. Thanks….