Innate immunity. is about realising it's significant characteristics

Details on innate immunity characteristics

1. Innate immunity By- Priyank jayantibhai sabhaya Second year bsc Major – microbiology Guided by Anjali upadhyaya

2. . Macrophage engulfing foreign pathogen like gram positive and gram negative bacteria

3. Immune system in humans Collection of organs ,tissues and cells that guard our body from pathogens Pathogens- these are diseases causing organisms in human body or a host organism Developed majorly from the idea that human would not catch a serious infectin in case it has been expose previously

4. Innate immunity Routine protection present at birth Initial defense amongst any pathogen Characteristic feature of innate immunity is the non specific pathogen response Immediate ort rapid response Same response regardless of quantity and number of exposures

5. Adaptive immunity Continously develops over your lifetime as it is exposed to specific pathogen Slower to respond to pathogen Better protection with time Characteristic feature is pathogen induced memory acquired over time Antigen stimulates production of antibodies, Then antibodies help cells phagocytic cells to recognize the pathogen and destroy it

6. Immune system of body classified as Innate immunity Present by birth Immediate and rapid reaction Same response for all pathogens Adaptive immunity Acquired over lifetime and lifespan Slow but prolonged reaction Antigen specific response

7. Innate immunity has two components 1 st line of defense skin mucous membranes secretions and microbiota 2 nd line of defense phagocytic cells Natural killer cells Defensive proteins Inflammatory response fever

8. 1 st line innate defences – skin difficult for microbes to penetrate continuously flakes off with any attached microbes keratin in epidermis repels water

9. 1 st line innate defences – mucous membranes lines the digestive , respiratory and genitourinal tract traps dust and pathogens with the help of mucus mucocilliary escalator sweeps respiratorytract

10. 1 st line innate defenses – antimicrobial secretions tears, saliva,oil,sweat chemical factors prevents pathogens sweat – salty acids – in stomach enzymes- lysozyme in tears and saliva degrades peptidoglycan flushing actions- saliva, tears ,urine

11. 1st line innate defences – normal microbiota human body is home to millions of microorganisms like E. coli and others methanogens present in gut of ruminants helps digest complex sugars like cellulose immunity derived from microbito of the mother who has given birth to offspring

12. 2 nd line of defense - internal cells

13. White blood cells functions granulocytes neutrophils – phagocytosis basophils and mast cells - releases histamine causing inflammation Agranulocytes Monocytes macrophages – phagocytosis dendritic cell – adaptive immunity lymphocytes natural killer cells – destruction of virus infected and cancer cells T and B cells- role in adaptive immunity

14. Pattern recognition receptors on cells like macrophages and white blood cells Pathogen have unique components that host cells can detect called pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) Pamps joined to macrophage receptors release cytokines that creates an immune response towards the pathogen

15. Antimicrobial defensive proteins substances Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Made by skin,mucous membranes and blood cells activity broad spectrum Either inhibits cell wall synthesis or forms pores on plasma membranes

16. Interferons

17. Compliment defensive proteins substances

18. Inflammation

19. Fever