Innovation_Creativity_v7.pptxInnovation_Creativity

Innovation_Creativity

1. Ideation, Innovation & Creativity Concept Selection http://www.purdue.edu/epics

2. Creativity and Innovation Creativity according to Dictionary.com is: “the ability to transcend traditional ideas, rules, patterns, relationships, or the like, and to create meaningful new ideas, forms, methods, interpretations, etc.; originality, progressiveness, or imagination” Innovation on the other hand is: ‘something new or different introduced’ So Creativity is the idea and Innovation is the same idea or the creativity  applied .  Out of many hundreds of creative ideas, only a few may ever be implemented.  For those precious few that are, we know of them as innovation — or simply, applied creativity. http://creativityisfree.com/2008/06/06/creativity-vs-innovation/

3. Brainstorming and creativity Myth: Only some people are creative And it is not me! Everyone can be creative but it is something we need to develop

4. Creativity and Brainstorming Creativity is a divergent thinking skill in which we postpone judgment and try to see a situation from as many different perspectives as possible. Brainstorming is a term used for the creative generation of many ideas. Creativity and brainstorming can be applied in many situations. Certainly important at the beginning of the design process, Can also be applied to any form of problem solving. It is particularly helpful in getting “unstuck” when your problem solving bogs down.

5. Brainstorming Brainstorming can be done individually or as a team We will focus on team brainstorming Taking advantage of the contributions of the team Sum is greater than the individuals Theory is to stimulate our brains to use our whole brain to expand the options to include the best solution

6. Brainstorming rules Explain the entire procedure to the team Choose one facilitator Records ideas and participates in the generation of ideas. Record ideas that are easily visible to the whole team. Rotate around the group with each person getting to add one idea per rotation. Let members say “pass” Move quickly. NO value judgments. Write ALL ideas down Facilitator treats ALL ideas the same Continue until the entire team is passing

7. Narrowing the choices Examine the list and eliminate duplicates. Not categorize, but to eliminate repetition. Allow the group to ask clarifying questions about suggestions. Don’t let this get into a discussion of merits. Clarification may help in eliminating and identifying duplicates. Ask everyone to pick their “three” top choices of the ideas Ask members to mark three with a dot or some other mark The top ideas are selected based on the votes they received.

8. In November, 1952, in Washington State, the local telephone company had to clear the frost from 700 miles of telephone lines to restore long distance service. The company believed strongly enough in the importance of variety in the process that ALL the company’s employees were asked to participate in a brainstorming session, executives and secretaries, engineers and linemen. After some time of idea generation, it was clear that the participants needed a break. One of the sessions overheard one lineman say to another at the water fountain, “Ever had a bear chase you up one of the poles? That would sure shake the ice off the lines!” The facilitator encouraged the lineman to repeat himself when the session reconvened. The facilitator hoped that the unusual suggestion would encourage new ideas, and the lineman sheepishly offered his suggestion. “How should we encourage the bears to climb all the poles?” asked the facilitator. “We could put honey pots at the tops of all the poles!” shouted someone else in the room. “How should we put honey pots on the tops of all the poles?” asked the facilitator. “Use the company helicopters that the executives use!” piped in another participant. “Hmm,” said one of the company secretaries calmly. “When I served in the Korean War, I was impressed by the force of the downdraft off helicopter blades. I wonder if that would be enough to shake the ice off the power lines.”

9. The idea was so intriguing that it was tested immediately—it provided a successful and economically viable solution that is still used. This story clearly illustrates the benefit of variety and the value of avoiding criticism in a brainstorming session. The rest of the story illustrates how essential quantity is to the process: A problem-solving group composed of five veteran air force helicopter pilots was convened to address this same problem. Each was unfamiliar with the solution that had already been implemented. It was hoped that because of their background, they would eventually arrive at the same solution. In fact, they did, but it was the 36 th idea on their list. If they had stopped after generating 35 ideas, they may very well have had an acceptable solution, but it may not have been as elegant or as successful as the proven solution.

10. Expanding the Design Space

11. Brainstorming - SCAMPER S ubstitute – can you use a different method, device, or material or changed the environment? C ombine – can you combine ideas together to produce a better idea? A dapt – what ideas are similar that could be emulated or adapted to fit the current need? M odify, Minify, Magnify – can you change the current idea, make it smaller or larger in some way? P ut to other uses – can you use the idea in a new way? E liminate – are there any ideas that have been shown to not work? R everse, Rearrange – would an opposing idea give you additional information, or can you interchange the key elements of the idea to form a new one?

12. Starbursting Draw a 6-pointed star Write words “Who, What, Why, Where, When and How” at each point Brainstorm questions starting with each of the words http://www.mindtools.com/brainstm.html

13. Reverse brainstorming Brainstorm how to accomplish the opposite http://www.mindtools.com/brainstm.html

14. Brainstorming – 6-3-5 Group of 6 people Each person writes down 3 ideas Pass to right, next person adds to paper for 5 minutes.. Ideas can be new, extend, or modify original ideas No verbal communication during activity

15. Stepladder Start: 2 people share ideas Add another person to group, but the new person must share their idea with the group before the group shares their ideas Continue to add new people http://www.mindtools.com/brainstm.html

16. Use Triggers Examples of the triggers Other’s Shoes Nature Opposite Random Analogy Craziest Idea Boundaries/ Constraints Anthropomorphize Combine

17. Triggers Triggers are specific tools to actively bump your brain out of its ruts. They are designed to get you thinking from a different perspective. Many triggers are available (crazy, creative people are always thinking up more), and some are listed below.   Other’s Shoes – Reconsider the problem from the perspective of a plumber, civil engineer, physician, child, attorney, basketball player, etc. You can keep this close to your personal comfort level by picking roles you know something about, like plumber perhaps, and then expand to more fanciful ones, like princess. Nature – How does nature deal with this issue, or how would you do it if you were Mother Nature? Opposite – How would you solve the opposite problem (from “cut down a tree” to “grow a tree”)? Or, consider the opposite of some of your ideas (from “cut with a saw” to join with “hot glue”). Random – Use random words, pictures, movie titles, professor names to generate more ideas.

18. More Triggers Analogy – Consider what has similar function but different appearance (automatic clothes washer to washboard), what has similar appearance but different function (washboard to cheese grater), or what has a similar name and different use (bottle cap to baseball cap)? Craziest Idea – take the craziest idea and try use the kernel to get to a practical solution (“Cut down a tree with scissors” to “cut with large hydraulic shears”). Boundaries/Constraints – Remove, adjust, or explore the boundaries of the problem. (If the problem is a better way to wash clothes, what about recycling the old shirt into a new shirt instead of washing? Does it have to be “wash” or can it be “clean” or “deodorize”?) Anthropomorphize – Consider yourself to be the piece of equipment or process. Or consider yourself a molecule flowing through the system. (For “Why is this part failing?” think- “Am I getting hot anywhere, where do I feel the stress?”) Combine – Take different ideas and see what happens if you add them together, or combine them in some other way (Problem: “wash clothes” – combine “spray with a hose” and “pound on a rock” to “spray with wet rocks”) Other – Brainstorm your own trigger or find a trigger in a reference.

19. Looking at nature Innovative vehicle designs often are based on what we think of for a vehicle How many animals have you ever seen that move with wheels?

20. Triggers and Perspective Designers were working on agricultural equipment to pick tomatoes Need – to design equipment that was gentle enough not to bruise the tomatoes Solution – breed tougher tomatoes

21. Football… sad days for USA … A deflated ball for football may look useless Kind of like the U.S.A. men’s football team… Brainstorm possible uses for the deflated ball Enter ideas into the comment box on your screens

22. Functional Decomposition Breaking tasks or functions of the system down to the finest level Create a tree diagram starting at the most general function of your system What is the purpose of your system? Break this function down into simpler subtasks or sub-functions Continue until you are at the most basic functions or tasks

23. Functional Decomposition Diagram

24. Sample Diagram – Coffee Maker Brainstorm Ideas Brainstorm Ideas Brainstorm Ideas Brainstorm Ideas Pick best options

25. Divergence Convergence Expand possibilities Narrow Focus Name the problem Iterative within Process

26. Decision Matrix Table with alternatives Quantify categories and score alternatives Importance in different categories Use judgment to do reality checks Leaves documentation of thought process of design Can be shared in design reviews

27. Decision Matrix     Ideas to be compared Criteria for Comparison Weights Scores     Totals

28. Example: Getting a Job Criteria Wts Co. A Co. B Co. C Co. D Location 5 Salary 4 Bonus 2 Job 3 Training 2 Boss 2 Totals

29. Example: Getting a Job Criteria Wts Scores Co. A Weighted scores Co. A Location 5 5 5*5=25 Salary 4 4 4*4=16 Bonus 2 3 2*3= 6 Job 3 3 3*3= 9 Training 2 4 2*4= 8 Boss 2 5 2*5=10 Totals Sum=74

30. Example: Getting a Job Criteria Wts Co. A Co. B Co. C Co. D Location 5 5 4 4 3 Salary 4 4 2 3 4 Bonus 2 3 4 3 4 Job 3 3 3 4 3 Training 2 4 2 3 3 Boss 2 5 3 3 4 Totals 74 64 68 66

31. Example: Project Objectives/Goals The purpose of this project is to design and create interactive wall panels for both the inside and outside of Right Steps Child Development Center. Outdoor interactive wall panels serve to educate and entertain children at recess. Indoor interactive wall panels will serve to distract the kids as they walk down the halls .

32. Design Matrix - Indoor

33. Example: Design Specifications Clothing Device Need # User Need Stakeholder 1 Must be sturdy to hold weight of upper body Colton/Parents 2 Must be adjustable to account for growth Colton 3 Must be simple to use Colton/Parents 4 Must be inconspicuous when not in use Parents/Teachers 5 Must be inconspicuous when not in use Parents 6 Must be ergonomic Colton/OT

34. Conceptual Designs Dressing Station Over the door CollapsTable

35. Conceptual Designs

36. Questions and Assignment