Inorganic Chemistry: PERIODIC PROPERTIES of Elements.pptx

PERIODIC PROPERTIES of Elements

1. PERIODIC PROPERTIES of Elements FC 103 Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry

2. The periodic properties of elements are the repeated trends in their physical and chemical attributes as listed in the periodic table, which are influenced by periodicity, electron configuration, and atomic structure. PERIODIC PROPERTIES Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend

3. The important periodic properties are the following: ATOMIC SIZE METALLIC CHARACTER NON-METALLIC CHARACTER IONIZATION POTENTIAL ELECTRON AFFINITY ELECTRONEGATIVITY Periodic Properties Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend

4. The distance between the center of the nucleus and the outermost shell of an atom is known as the atomic radius. In a group, the atomic size increases due to the addition of shells as we move from one period to another. Across a period, the atomic size decreases as the number of shells remain the same while the nuclear charge increases. This leads to the pulling of electrons from the outermost shell towards the nucleus thereby decreasing the size. Atomic Size Trends Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend

5. The elements which lose electrons to form cations are known as metals. Metallic character increases as we move down the group because the atomic size increases which lead to easy loss of electrons. It decreases across a period as we move from left to right. This happens because there is an increase in nuclear charge which makes it difficult for an atom to lose electrons. Metallic Character Trends Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend

6. The elements which have a tendency to gain electrons are known as non-metals. The tendency to gain electrons increases on moving across a period due to an increase in the nuclear charge and a decrease in the atomic size. Hence, non-metallic character increases across a period. As we move down the group the non-metallic character decreases due to an increase in the atomic size. Non-metallic Character Trends Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend

7. Ionization potential is defined as the amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of a gaseous atom and convert it into a positively charged gaseous ion. The periodic properties in terms of ionization potential increase because the atomic size decreases across a period due to an increase in the nuclear charge. When we move down the group, ionization potential decreases due to the increase in atomic size. Ionization Potential Trends Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend

8. The melting point of an element is basically the energy required to change the state of an element from its solid state to its liquid state. Essentially implies breaking a few bonds. Thus, higher the stronger the bond between the atoms, the higher will be the melting point. The boiling point depends on the heat energy required to create a transition from liquid to gaseous state. Melting/Boiling Point Trends Periodic Table Trends- Atomic size, Melting & Boiling Point Trend