Input, processing and output (week 2).pptx

Input, processing, and output

1. ICT WEEK : 2 DATE CLASS: Year 3 SUBJECT: ICT LESSON TOPIC: INPUT ,PROCESSING AND OUT SUB TOPIC: INPUT,FUCTIONS PERIOD: 2

2. DURATION: 40 Mins RESOURCES & MATERIALS: computer system, internet, Wabp , Communication Technology BUILDING BACKGROUND/CONNECTION TO PRIOR KNOWLEDGE: Pupils have been introduced to Input device in their previous class

3. BOJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to; Define input, processing and output State the examples of input, output and processing device Identify and explain each of the devices

4.  Data or instructions entered into the memory of computer Input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions  Input processing AND output

5. What is a keyboard ?   The most common input device Input device that contains keys users press to enter data into a computer Includes a lphabetical keys ,numeric keypad, and function keys  Keyboard 5

6. The Keyboard - Standard Keyboard Layout A standard computer keyboard has about 100 keys. Most keyboards use the QWERTY layout, named for the first six keys in the top row of letters.

7. Keyboard Data Entry 7 suitable for a wide range of applications entering programs typing all kinds of documents using a word processor entering personal details of customers or patients at a hospital, etc.

8. The Mouse 8 What is a Mouse ? The mouse is a pointing device. You use it to move a graphical pointer on the screen. The mouse can be used to issue commands, draw, and perform other types of input tasks. Two characteristics Planar movement Buttons

9. The Mouse - Mouse Techniques Using the mouse involves five techniques: Pointing: Move the mouse to move the on-screen pointer. Clicking: Press and release the left mouse button once. 3.Double-clicking: Press and release the left mouse button twice. Dragging: Hold down the left mouse button as you move the pointer. Right-clicking: Press and release the right mouse button.

10. What is a trackball ?  Stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side  A trackball is like a mouse turned upside- down.  To move pointer, rotate ball with thumb, fingers, or palm of hand.  Separate buttons for picking  Very fast for gaming  Used in some portable and notebook computers. T r a ckb al l

11. • • • Small touch sensitive tablets ‘Stroke’ to move mouse pointer Used mainly in laptop computers • Good ‘acceleration’ settings important fast stroke lots of pixels per inch moved initial movement to the target slow stroke less pixels per inch for accurate positioning Touchpad

12. Joysticks are popular for flight simulator and driving games. indirect pressure of stick = velocity of movement buttons for selection on top or on front like a trigger often used for computer games aircraft controls and 3D navigation J o yst i c k

13. • Detect the presence of finger or stylus on the screen. works by interrupting matrix of light beams, capacitance changes or ultrasonic reflections direct pointing device • Advantages: – – – fast, and requires no specialised pointer good for menu selection suitable for use in hostile environment: clean and safe from damage. • Disadvantages: – – finger can mark screen imprecise (finger is a fairly blunt instrument!) difficult to select small regions or perform accurate drawing lifting arm can be tiring – Touch-sensitive screen

14. Scanners • Converts a document into a series of pixels (picture elements – these are small squares that, when put together, form a picture). • The larger the number of pixels, or conversely the smaller each individual pixel, the better the definition of the final picture.

15. Scanners Take paper and convert it into a bitmap Two sorts of scanner flat-bed: paper placed on a glass plate, whole page converted into bitmap hand-held: scanner passed over paper, digitising strip typically 3- 4” wide Shines light at paper and note intensity of reflection colour or greyscale Typical resolutions from 600–2400 dpi

16. Scanners Used in desktop publishing for incorporating photographs and other images document storage and retrieval systems, doing away with paper storage + special scanners for slides and photographic negatives

17. A technology that allows an input device (e.g. imaging scanner) to read hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles on specially designed paper. • Can recognise the presence of a mark on a sheet of paper by light reflection. • The position of the mark conveys information to the machine. • Printing is done using a special type of ink which the optical scanner does not see. OMR (Optical Mark Reader)

18. • Advantage: It is fast, using minimum processing power to process forms Costs are predictable and defined OMR capture speeds range around 4000 forms per hr Disadvantage: Cannot read paper if folded or dirty. Restricted to multi choice questions. OMR cannot recognize hand-printed or machine-printed characters. With OMR, images of forms are not captured by scanners so electronic retrieval is not possible. Tick boxes may not be suitable for all types of questions • OM R

19. • a system that provides a full alphanumeric recognition of printed or handwritten characters at electronic speed by simply scanning the form. • Intelligent Character Recognition (ICR) is used to describe the process of interpreting image data, in particular alphanumeric text. • Sometimes OCR is known as ICR O CR

20. M I CR MICR has several advantages for processing cheques: It is hard to forge the characters The characters can be read even if the cheque is crumpled, dirty or smudged The characters are readable by humans, unlike bar codes

21. Bar Code Readers • Bar code readers can read bar codes—patterns of printed bars. • The reader emits light, which reflects off the bar code and into a detector in the reader. The detector translates the code into numbers. • Flatbed bar code readers are commonly found in supermarkets. Courier services often use handheld readers.

22. Other uses of bar codes Warehousing bar coded containers of raw materials are stored in racks of bins which are also bar coded. Transport and distribution individual packages are bar coded Manufacturing work in progress tracked using bar codes

23. More uses of bar codes Marketing bar coded multiple choice questionnaires Medical bar codes used to identify blood and other samples Libraries used to record loans and track stock Banking, insurance and local government for document control and retrieval.

24. Voice data entry • The user speaks the text into a microphone • Special software interprets the text and displays it on a screen • Text may be edited using the keyboard and exported to a word processing package such as Word. • The accuracy of the voice recognition system is improved by ‘training’ it to a particular user’s voice