Insect pest of urd, moong and gram and their management

Insect pest of urd, moong and gram and their management

1. Insect pests of Urd , Moong and Gram and their management Course N o . AENT – 5312 Course Title – Pests of crop and stored grain and their management Prepared by, Navneet Mahant Dept. of Agril . Entomology BHARTIYA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, PULGAON, DURG (C.G) – 491001 Affiliated to Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya , Raipur (C.G)

2. a. Red headed hairy caterpillar: Amsacta albistriga / Amsacta moorei ( Arctiidae : Lepidoptera) Adults are medium sized moths Fore wings are white with brown streaks all over the wing Yellowish streak along the anterior margin of the fore wing Hind wings are white with with black markings A prominent yellow band is found on the head Predominant in South India Amsacta albistriga

3. Fore wings and hind wings are white in colour with dark markings The red streak along the anterior margin of the fore wing A prominent red band is found on the head Predominant in North India Amsacta moorei

4. Life cycle of the pest Egg :- Eggs are cream coloured or bright yellow in colour and laid in groups or in clusters on the available host plants or occasionally on the vegetation, clods of the earth, stones, dry twigs etc., Each female lays – 600 – 700 eggs Maximum – 2300 eggs/ female I.P – 3-4 days Larva : passes 7 instars Hairy caterpillar reddish brown with black band on either end and having reddish brown hair all over the body, L.P – 25-40 days Pupa : the grown up larvae burrow the moist soiland pupate in the earthen soil P.P- 9-10 days

5. Nature and symptoms of damage The larvae hatch from the eggs feed gregariously by scarping the green matter or skeletonization on the under surface of the young leaflets leaving the upper epidermal layer intact Later feed voraciously on the leaves leaving the petiole and midribs and main stem of the plants They march from field to field in a gregarious manner The affected field appear as if grazed by cattle Alternate hosts : Sorghum, Cotton, Ragi , Castor, Cowpea, Sunflower, Sesamum etc.,

6. b.Bihar hairy caterpillar : Spilosoma   obliqua ( Arctiidae : Lepidoptera ) Adult is a medium sized moth pale buff in colour with black spots Body is crimson and black spotted

7. Eggs : are laid in groups of 40-60 on the under surface of the leaves Each female lays 500 – 1300eggs I.P – 3-4 days Larva: the fully grown caterpillar is hairy and orange in colour with two ends are black in colour L.p – 14-20 Days The cocoon and pupa , P u p a : p u pa t i o n t a k e s p l a c e i n s o i l o r d rie d l ea v e s P.P - 16-22 days

8. Early instars feed gregariously by scraping the green matter as a result skeletonization The grown up instars feed on entire leaves causes defoliation Nature and symptom of damage

9. Management Deep summer ploughing . Avoid pre monsoon sowing. Use optimum seed rate. Adequate plant spacing should be provided Collect & destroy infested plant parts, egg masses and young larvae. Field Sanitation : Remove the infested plant parts at least once in 10 days and bury them in compost pit to monitor and reduce the population. Light Trap : Install one light trap (200W mercury vapour lamp) per hectare to catch the adults of some nocturnal pests such as hairy caterpillar (positively phototropic). Apply chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 1.5 lit/ha or trizophos 40 EC @ 0.8 Lit/ha or quinalphos 25 EC @ 1.5 lit/ha. Dust Chlorpyriphos 1.5% DP quinalphos 1.5% @ 25kg/ha when the population is likely to reach 10/m row length (ETL). Repeat it as needed.

10. Tobacco caterpillar: Spodoptera litura ( Noctuidae : Lepidoptera ) Adult is a medium sized moth FW – are brown in colour with zigzag white markings HW – are white in colour with brown patch along the margin Eggs are laid in masses and covered by body hair and laid on ventral surface of the leaf. After December particularly after heavy rains, heavy infestation develops Larvae is polyphagous and appear on ground nut crop both in vegetative phase at the time of pod formation

11. Nature of damage Larva fed on the leaf Early instars are gregarious and feed on chlorophyll tissues and cause skeletonization Later instars they disperse and feed on leaf voraciously and damaged fields looks like grazed by cattle. The larvae of 2 nd and 3 rd instar enter the ground pods by making a hole near calyx and feed on ground nut seed

12. Gram pod borer: Heliocoverpa armigera ( Noctuidae : Lepidoptera ) Adult mot h C ate r p il l a r Mostly seen from November on wards when ground nut plant enters in to reproductive phase Caterpillar feed on the leaves irregularly and thus causes defoliation Later feeds on flowers and flower buds Caterpillar feed on the flower buds and leaves

13. ETL:  2 early instar larvae/plant 5-8 eggs/plant Pheromone traps for  Helicoverpa armigera   12/ha Bird perches 50/ha Hand picking of grown up larvae and blister beetles Ha NPV 1.5 x1012 POB/ha with teepol (1 ml/lit.) Apply any one of the following (Spray fluid 625 ml/ha) Dichlorvos 76 WSC 625 ml/ha Neem seed kernel extract 5% (31.0 kg/ha) twice followed by Triazophos 40 EC 780 ml/ha Neem oil 12.5 lit./ha Phosalone 35 EC 1.25 lit./ha MANAGEMENT

14. • It occurs on redgram , horsegram and other pulses and green manure crop like sunhemp.The larvae feed on floral parts, newly formed pods and seeds in developing pods. Faecal pellets inside damaged pods and small round holes on redgram pods plugged with excreta can be noticed. PEA POD BORER:- Etiella zinckenella Pyralidae: Lepidoptera

15. Larval –  greenish initially, turns pink before pupation. It has 5 black spots on the prothorax

16. Adult Brownish grey moth  Prothorax  – orange in colour Fore wing  - has a white stripe along the anterior margin

17. • Management of gram caterpillar is effective against this pest.

18. GRAM CUTWORM Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda Class : Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Family : Noctuidae Genus : Agrotis Species: flammatra

19. DISTRIBUTION Pakistan India Australia New Zealand HOST RANGE Cereal Pulses Grasses No of weed sp

20. IDENTIFICATION: EGGS: Yellowish white L A R V AE : Dark grey in colour ADULT: Heavy bodied , Grayish-brown or wheat colour EGGS L A R V AE ADULT

21. LIFE CYCLE: The pest is active from October to April The moths appear in October and lay upto 900 eggs on the under surface of leaves, shoots,steams or in soil. The eggs hatch in one week during summer and in two weeks during winter LARVAE Full grown in 4 to 7 weeks PUPATE for two weeks in the soil. The life cycle is completed in 7-11 weeks There are generally two Generations in year

22. D AM A GE: The caterpillars come out from their breeding places at night and become active. Cutting down the young plant of gram, vegetables seedlings etc. Just above or slightly below the surface of soil. The cutaway gram seedlings in the field are indication of its attack

23. CONTROL: Cultural control : Hand hoeing Clean cultivation should be done The bait is placed in small heap in the infested field in the evening Mechanical control: Trapping the moths by light traps Hand picking BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: The pest is control by insect predators CHEMICAL CONTROL: Spray CYPERMETHRIN+MONOCROTOPHOS EC 500ml/acre It is also control by using poisoned BRAN MASH

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