Instruments used for Engineering surveying.pptx

Instruments for surveying

1. Instruments for Surveying There are several instruments commonly used for surveying, each serving different purposes. Here are some of the most frequently used surveying instruments: Theodolite : Measures horizontal and vertical angles. It is often used for land surveys, construction, and engineering projects. Total Station : Combines the functions of a theodolite with an electronic distance measurement (EDM) device to measure angles and distances simultaneously. It is widely used in topographic surveying and construction. Level : Used for determining height differences and establishing points in the same horizontal plane. Common types include the automatic level, digital level, and dumpy level. GPS (Global Positioning System) Receivers : Used for precise location measurements. Survey-grade GPS units provide accurate positioning data and are essential in geodetic and cadastral surveys. Transit : An older type of theodolite used primarily for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. Although less common now, it was widely used before more modern equipment was developed. Prism and Prism Pole : Used in conjunction with a total station to reflect the electronic distance measurement signal back to the instrument. Surveyor’s Tape (Measuring Tape) : A tape made of metal or fiberglass used for measuring short to medium distances directly. Drones (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - UAVs) : Equipped with high-resolution cameras and GPS, drones are increasingly used for aerial surveys and mapping large areas quickly and accurately.