Insulin

simple ppt

1. INSULIN

2. Mechanism of action Insulin is a hormone that occurs naturally in the body carbohydrates are broken down into blood glucose, Which is where the body gets most of its energy The pancreas makes and releases insulin to help the body use or store that glucose and reduce the blood glucose level

3. In type 1 DM the pancreas fails to make insulin In type 2 DM the body does not use the insulin properly Consistent high level in insulin causes blockage of arteries vital organs and cause nerve damage , CKD ,CVA ,MI ,etc To prevent above mention disorder we administer insulin to maintain blood glucose level

4. Types of insulin Rapid acting insulin : starts its action with in 5 minutes and peaks at one hour. E.g. actrapid Short acting insulin : starts its action with in 30 minutes, can be taken before meals. E.g. regular ( Humulin R) Intermediate acting : often used with rapid or short acting to take care of insulin needs over long period usually half a day. E.g. NPH Insulin

5. Long acting insulin : Its usually taken in the morning and balance blood glucose level for a full day, used with rapid or short acting insulin. E.g. lantus Pre-mixed insulin: mixes short acting and intermediate acting insulin and is usually taken twice a day , just before meals and used mainly for people who have difficulty mixing there own insulin. E.g. human mixtard

6. Methods of delivery of insulin syringe Pen(preloaded insulin) Pump (continuous infusion) Dilution for pump 50 units(0.5 ml) in 49.5 ml of NS Each ml consist of one unit

7. Site of insulin administration Subcutaneous tissue upper outer thigh lower abdomen upper outer `arm

8. Nurses role in insulin administration Insulin one of the high risk medication Nurse must ensure interpreting an insulin prescription sheet Should have basic knowledge about action of insulin Confirm patient identity and dose Draw correct dose of insulin in the syringe

9. Should have knowledge about site of insulin administration Assess the site for lumpy areas Hold the syringe in 90 degree for subcutaneos insulin administration Do not rub after insulin administration it may cause rapid absorbtion Use standard dilution incase of pump

10. Should have knowledge about use of glucometer to monitor blood glucose Know to recognize and respond to hyper or hypoglycemia use separate vial for each patient The vial should be labeled basic information including patient name, open date, etc Proper documentation is essential to prevent error