Integrated Diseases Surveillance Response (IDSR.pptx

Integrated Diseases Surveillance Response (IDSR) Nursing

1. Integrated Disease Surveillance Response(IDSR) TIYAMIKE NKHOMA

2. OBJECTIVES Define terms used IDSR Explain the historical background of IDSR Describe the IDSR Strategy

3. INTRODUCTION The WHO African region frequently experiences outbreaks and infectious disease epidemics resulting in large-scale morbidity, disability, and deaths The scale of impact is worsened by the lack of strong health systems and infrastructure

4. Cont … Weak surveillance preparedness systems leading to late detection and ineffective responses to those outbreaks To address this the AFRO developed the first technical guidelines and began to implement Integrated Disease Surveillance Responses

5. 1. Definition of Terms Integration, Priority areas(Disease), Surveillance Response

6. a). Integration Using a single system of: data collection, reporting, analysis, dissemination and feedback on priority diseases

7. Cont …. This means that data of all important diseases will be collected, analysed, interpreted and reported in the same way, by the same people who normally submit routine report forms on health-related data.

8. b). Priority Areas These are Diseases/conditions of Major public health concern Meant for eradication and elimination Epidemic prone

9. c). Surveillance It is a watchful and vigilant approach for gathering information on health problems and their determinants with the intention to take appropriate action

10. Cont.. Its aimed at information gathering that serves to improve or maintain the health of the population.

11. Cont … A surveillance system includes the functional capacity for data collection and analysis as well as the timely dissemination of information derived from these data to persons who can undertake effective prevention and control activities

12. Cont … Although the core of the surveillance system includes the collection analysis and dissemination of data, the process can be understood only in the context of specific health outcome

13. Cont … It involves monitoring the incidence and spread of diseases or injuries and is closely linked to prevention and control

14. The Purpose of Public Health Surveillance To Asses public health status To define public health priorities To evaluate programs and current research Identify areas of interest for further investigation

15. Cont … To detect epidemics Documentation distribution and spread of health events Evaluation of control and preventive measures

16. d)Response Mobilisation of resources and implementation of interventions for disease control and prevention.

17. 2. Historical Background of IDSR In the past surveillance data was reported through Health Information System (HIS) and specific disease control programmes Both systems had deficiencies in: Data collection Reporting Analysis Dissemination and Feedback.

18. Cont …. Due to these deficiencies, there was poor and uncoordinated response to outbreaks resulting in high case fatality, and attack rates and wastage of resources

19. Cont …. Deficiencies in Health Information Systems(HIS) and disease control program information systems were similarly experienced in most of the African countries.

20. Cont … Therefore at the 48 th session of the WHO Regional Committee meeting for Africa held in Harare – Zimbabwe in 1998, member states adopted Integrated Disease Surveillance (IDS) as a regional strategy for early detection and efficacious response to priority communicable diseases.

21. Cont …. In 1999, the MOH in Malawi conducted an assessment of the existing surveillance systems which confirmed the deficiencies as stated.

22. Cont … Malawi adopted the IDSR strategy in 2002 in order to develop its national surveillance system The guidelines for IDSR were developed this same year so as to fulfill the International Health Regulation (IHR)

23. Cont … IDSR was then included in the National Health Plan as one of the functional components of HMIS

24. 3.IDSR STRATEGY

25. IDSR This is a comprehensive evidence-based strategy for strengthening national public health in the surveillance and response systems for priority diseases, conditions, and events at all levels of the health system

26. Aims of IDSR The IDSR strategy aims to: Improve the ability of all levels of the health system to detect, confirm, and respond to diseases and other public health events in order to reduce high levels of death, illness and disability in African communities.

27. Cont … to strengthen communicable disease surveillance, This has resulted in detection of diseases and conditions at an earlier stage initiation of control measures in a more responsible manner

28. Objectives of IDSR The IDSR strategy emphasizes the following objectives: Strengthening public health surveillance and response capabilities for priority infectious diseases, focusing on the district level. Enhancing laboratory capacities to support disease detection and epidemic confirmation. Translating surveillance and laboratory data into specific and timely public health actions.

29. Cont … To strengthen the capacity to conduct effective surveillance activities ,train personnel at all levels to develop and carry out plans of action and advocate and mobilize resources. To integrate multiple surveillance system so that forms, personnel and resources can be used more efficiently.

30. Cont … To improve the use of information, detect changes in time in order to conduct a rapid response to suspect epidemics and outbreaks: monitor the impact of interventions To improve the flow of surveillance information between and within levels of the health To increase involvement of clinicians in the surveillance system

31. Cont … Emphasize the community participation in detection and response to public health problems including event based surveillance and response in line with international health regulation Trigger epidemiological investigation in detection, investigation and reporting of public health problems, and in the implementation of effective public health interventions thus early detection

32. Benefits of IDSR Timely reporting and response to alerts and disease outbreaks Improved timelines and completeness of reporting Supportive supervision at operational levels

33. Cont … Making surveillance and laboratory data more usable. Helping public managers and decision-makers improve detection and response to the leading causes of illness death and disability in Africa

34. Cont … It is cheap since the same health personnel and reporting formats are used for routine reports of health related data. It creates an opportunity to computerize all the available data at the central level

35. Cont …. It provides training opportunities for health personnel to develop new skills It encourages community participation to detect and respond to disease epidemics.

36. Priority Diseases in IDSR

37. IDSR priority diseases and conditions in Malawi Malawi has identified 15 priority diseases and conditions for integrated disease surveillance in the country. The priority diseases and conditions are:

38. Epidemic Prone Diseases Cholera Dysentery Bacterial meningitis Plague Viral haemorrhagic fevers COVID- 19

39. Diseases targeted for elimination and/or eradication Poliomyelitis Leprosy Neonatal tetanus Measles

40. Diseases of Public Health Importance Pneumonia in children less that 5 years old HIV/AIDS Malaria Schistosomiasis Sexually transmitted infections Tuberculosis

41. Core Functions of IDSR Identify cases, Report, analyze and interpret Data, investigate and confirm suspected cases and outbreaks, Respond, Feedback giving, Evaluate and improve the system

42. Identify Cases Using basic, standard case definitions, identify priority diseases and conditions.

43. Report Report cases or conditions to the next level. If this is an epidemic-prone disease or a disease targeted for elimination or eradication, report it immediately.

44. Analyse and Interpret Data Compile the data, and analyse it for trends Compare information with previous periods Summarise the results.

45. Investigate and Confirm Suspected Cases and Outbreaks Take actions to ensure that the cases or outbreaks are confirmed including laboratory confirmation wherever it is feasible. Gather evidence about what may have caused the outbreak. Use the evidence to select appropriate control and prevention strategies.

46. Respond Mobilise resources and personnel to implement the appropriate outbreak or public health response .

47. Feedback Giving Encourage future cooperation by communicating with levels that reported outbreaks and cases about the investigation outcome and success of response efforts

48. Evaluate and Improve the System Assess the effectiveness of the surveillance system, in terms of: timeliness, quality of information, preparedness, thresholds, case management, and overall performance. Take action to correct problems and make improvements.

49. Reporting system in IDSR 49 WHO NATIONAL LEVEL DISTRICT DISTRICT HEALTH FACILITY HEALTH FACILITY COMMUNITY COMMUNITY

50. Community Know what to report to the health facility and when. Participate in observing and interpreting disease patterns and trends. Provide support in case investigation.

51. Cont …. Mobilize resources for response activities. Participate in selecting response activities. Receive feedback on reported cases and prevention activities.

52. Health Facility Patient information is recorded in the register. Daily update of patient register. If reportable disease, the case is reported to a focal person at the health facility and district level. Respond to suspected outbreaks.

53. Cont … Analyses and report summary data to the next level. Collects specimens for laboratory confirmation. Share data with neighboring health facilities in case of outbreaks.

54. District level Receive data from health facilities and enter into computers Prepares analyses of time, place and persons Report district surveillance data to national level

55. Cont …. Respond to suspected outbreaks Share information with neighboring districts in case of outbreaks Provides feedback to health facilities

56. National level Receives data from districts Prepares analyses by time, place and person Prepares reports or bulletins and send to programs, districts, health facilities and WHO or partners Mobilize resources and provide technical support to districts

57. WHO and Other Partners Receive reports from the national level Prepares regional bulletins for distribution to member states Provide technical and financial support

58. Challenges of IDSR Lack of funds to run the programme at all levels e.g transport and allowances for staff to conduct supervision and monitoring of the programme activities, training of staff. Shortage of staff. Few epidemiologists with extra duties apart from IDSR

59. Cont … Poor communication- internet/telephone not working for responsible personnel to report the cases

60. references Labspace . Importance of IDSR. Retrieved May 14,2017. From http://www.labspace.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=4527832section#1.3 Stimson, G.W.U.(2011). Partners and Frameworks for IDSR and IHR of 2005 Implementation. Retrieved May 14, 2017. From: www.stimson.org/images/uploads/stimson-GWU.WHO-workshop-Reportfinal-report.pdf . World Health Organization.(2014). Integrated disease surveillance programme . Retrieved May 14, 2017.From: http://www.who.int/csr/labepidemiology/projects/surveillance/en

61. references Health Protection Surveillance Centre , (2011).Retrieved April 16,2016.From www.hps,ie/AboutHPSC/whatisdiseasesurveillance Global Alert and Response , (2014).Integrated disease surveillance. Retrieved April 14, 2016. From www.who.inti/cst/labepidemiology/project/diseaseurv/en