Integrated Pest Management

The concept and the methods applied in the Integrated Pest Management process by Zafar Imam.

1. Integrated Pest Managment {IPM} S ubmitted To ;- P resented by;- Dr. Paras Nath Zafar Imam Dr.Shyam Babu Shah B PSAC/22/2012-13 B.Sc {Ag},4 th Semester

2. I- Integration, Use of multiple methods to control pest. P- Pest, Any organism i.e. detrimental to humans, M- Manegement, refers to a set of decision or rules based on ecological principles, economic and social consideration. . The Backbone of management of pest in an agricultural system is the concept of Economic injury level.

3. NEED OF PEST MANAGMENT 1.Development of resistance in insects against insecticides.eg.- Helicoverpa armigera { against OP $ S.Pyretheroids } 2. Outbreak of secondary pests. 3.Resurgence of target pest.eg.-BPH of rice increased when some OP chemicals are applied. 4.When no. of application increases, profit decreases. 5.Environmental contaminatiom and natural enemies. 6.Human and animal health hazards.

4. Stages in crop protection leading to IPM 1.Subsistance Phase- only natural control 2.Exploitation Phase- more pesticide for more yields 3.Crisis Phase- Pest resurgence, pest resistance, high production cost, 2ndry pest outbreak 4.Disaster Phase-no profit,residual in soil collapse of control system 5.Itegrated Pest Management Phase- ecofriendly method -Combination of the resources, -Analysis of eco-factors, -Optimization of techniques, - Recognisation or restoring the pest at manageable level

5. Concepts of IPM 1. Understanding the Agricultural Ecosystem, 2. Planning of agricultural ecosystem, 3. Cost benefit ratio, 4. Tolerence of pest damage, 5. Leaving of pest residues, 6. Timing of treatments, 7. Public understanding and sustainable.

6. Objective of Pest Management 1. To reduce pest status below ETL , Complete elimination is not objective, 2. To manage insects not only killing them but preventing feeding, multiplication and dispersal, 3. To use eco friendly methods, which will maintain quality of environment, 4. To make maximum use of natural mortality factors, control measures only when needed, 5. To use component in sustainable agriculture.

7. Tools or Component of IPM 1. Pest Surveillance 2. Cultural methods 3. Host Plant Resistance 4. Mechanical methods 5. Physical methods 6. Biological methods 7. Chemical methods 8. Behavioural methods 9. Genetic/Biotechnological methods 10. Regulatory/Legal methods. The End