Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) : Patent & patenting

Intellectual Property Rights : Patenting

1. Intellectual Property Rights
(IPR) -PATENT
JyotismitaSaikia.
University Of Mysore

2. C
ONTENTS
•
Whatispatent
•
Typesofpatent
•
Whatcanorcannotbepatented?
•
PatentadministrationinIndia
Stepsofpatenting
•
Stepsofpatenting
•
Advantages
•
Disadvantages
•
Limitations.
•
Summary
•
References.

3. W
HATIS
P
ATENT

APatentisanintellectualpropertyrightrelatingtoinventionsandisthe
grantofexclusiveright,forlimitedperiod,providedbytheGovernmentto
thepatentee,inexchangeoffulldisclosureofhisinvention,forexcluding
others,frommaking,using,selling,importingthepatentedproductor
processproducingthatproductforthosepurposes.

Thewordpatentoriginatesfromthe Latinpatere,whichmeans "tolay
open".

InIndia,patentsaregovernedbythe PatentsAct,1970andPatentRules,
2003.Patentsareissuedfor 20yearsandareapplicableonlywithinthe
prescribedgeographicallimits.

4. T
YPESOFPATENT
Utility patents
PATENT
Utility patents
Design patents
Plant patents
Reissue patents

5. WHAT CAN BE PATENTED?
Any invention which must be

Novel

Non-obvious

Non-obvious

Capableofindustrialapplication

Mustnotbedeclaredasnon-patentableunderthe
patentact.

6. WHATCANNOTBEPATENTED
?

Anythingagainstuniversallaw.

Businessschemes.

Mathematicalmethods.

Anyartisticcreation.

Inventionsthatintendtocausedisruptionstopublicorder,challenge
moralgrounds,andcauseharmtoalllivingbeings.

Themerearrangement,rearrangement,mixing,orduplication
ofsubstances.

Nuclearenergyinventions.

7. P
ATENTADMINISTRATIONSIN
I
NDIA

Apatentapplicationcanbefiledatanyofthe
fourpatentofficesinIndia.Fourbranchesare
Kolkata(headoffice)

Kolkata(headoffice)

Mumbai

Delhi

Chennai.

8. W
HOCANFILE
P
ATENT
A
PPLICATIONIN
I
NDIA
?

Byanypersonclaimingtobetrueandfirst
inventor(s).

Byanypersonbeingtheassigneeofperson

Byanypersonbeingtheassigneeofperson
claimingtobetrueandfirstinventor(s).

Bythelegalrepresentativeofanydeceasedperson
whocanimmediatelyafterhisdeathisentitledto
makesuchapplication.

9. Thepatentapplicationpassesthrough
thefollowingstages
a.
Filing
a.
Filing
b.
Publication
c.
Examination
d.
Opposition
e.
Grant.

10. 1.
FILLING

Applicationforpatentcanbefiledonlyonthepaymentof
fullfee.

Filingfeeischargedonthebasisofnumberofpagesand
numberofclaimsmadeinthepatentdocument.

Noextrafeeischargedupto30pagesand10claims.Power
ofattorney-ifapplicable.

Application,Specificationandotherdocumentsshouldbe
eitherinHindiorEnglishlanguage.

Ifapplicationdisclosessequencelistingofnucleotides
and/oraminoacids,itshouldbefiledinelectronicform.

11. Requirements for documents

Alldocuments&copiesofdocument,exceptaffidavits&
drawingssenttothepatentofficeorotherwisefurnishedto
theControllershallbewrittenorprintedinEnglish
language(unlessotherwisedirectedorallowedbythelanguage(unlessotherwisedirectedorallowedbythe
controller)inlegiblecharactersize,withlineswidelyspaced
upononesideonlyonstrongwhitepaper.

ThesizeofpapershouldbeA4sizewithamarginof4cmon
thetopand3cmonthebottomandrighthandpartthereof.

12. 2. P
UBLICATIONOFPATENTAPPLICATION

Everyapplicationshallbepublishedafterexpiryof18months
fromthedateoffilingordateofpriorityoftheapplication
exceptthefollowing,

–Applicationinwhichsecrecydirectionisimposedor

–Applicationinwhichsecrecydirectionisimposedor

–Hasbeenwithdrawnbefore3monthspriortoexpiryof18
months.

Howevertheapplicantcanmakerequestforearlypublication
priorto18monthsonform9withprescribedfeeofRs.2500or
Rs.10000byindividualorlegalentityrespectively.

13. 3. E
XAMINATION

Earlyrequestforexamination:Noapplicationfor
patentwillbeexaminedifnorequestismadebythe
applicantorbyanyotherinterestedpersoninForm-applicantorbyanyotherinterestedpersoninForm-
18withprescribedfeeofRs.2,500/-orRs.10,000/-for
naturalperson,withinaperiodof48monthsfromthe
dateofpriorityoftheapplicationorfromthedateof
filingoftheapplication.

14. Contd...
FirstExaminationReport(FER)statingthe
objections/requirementsiscommunicatedtotheapplicant
accordingtotheaddressforserviceordinarilywithinsix(06)
monthsfromthedateofrequestforexaminationordateofmonthsfromthedateofrequestforexaminationordateof
publicationwhicheverislater.Applicationorcomplete
specificationshouldbeamendedinordertomeetthe
objections/requirementswithinaperiodof12monthsfrom
thedateofFirstExaminationReport(FER).

15. 4. W
ITHDWAL
Theapplicationforpatentcanbewithdrawnat
leastthreemonthsbeforethefirstpublication.
TheapplicationwithdrawnafterthedateofTheapplicationwithdrawnafterthedateof
publicationcannotberefilledasitisalreadylaid
openforpublicinspection.

16. 5.
GRANT
Apatentwillbegrantedtotheapplicantif–

Theapplicanthascompliedwiththeobjectionswithinthe
prescribedtime.

Nopre-grantoppositionbyrepresentationisfiled.

Iffiled,disposedofinfavouroftheapplicantwithintheprescribed
time.
Patent will be granted and sealed with seal of office and notified in
the official journal.The patent is granted, after 6 months from the
date of publication under section 11 A. Term of every patent will be
20 years from the date of filing of patent application. Date of patent
is the date on which the application for patent is filed.

19. U
SESOF
P
ATENTINFORMATION
The main user groups of patent information are

Smallandmedium-sizeenterprises;

Researchanddevelopmentinstitutions;
Governmentalauthorities;

Governmentalauthorities;

Individualinventors;

Professionalsinthefieldofpatents,administratorsof
technicallibraries,patentagents,researchers,
producersofdatabanks;Educationalinstitutionsand
universitystudents.

20. A
DVANTAGESOFPATENTS

Apatentgivesonetherighttostopothersfromcopying,
manufacturing,sellingorimportingyourinventionwithoutyour
permission.

Onecangetprotectionforapre-determinedperiod,allowingyouto
keepcompetitorsatbay.Onecanthenuseinventionyourself.

Alternatively,onecanlicensepatentforotherstouseitorcansell
it.Thiscanprovideanimportantsourceofrevenueforbusiness.

22. D
ISADVANTAGESOFPATENTS

Patentapplicationmeansmakingcertaintechnicalinformation
aboutyourinventionpubliclyavailable.

Applyingforapatentcanbeaverytime-consumingandlengthy
process(3-4yrs)-marketsmaychangeortechnologymayovertake
yourinventionbythetimeyougetapatent.yourinventionbythetimeyougetapatent.

Cost–itisexpensive.

Oneneedtoremembertopayannualfeeoryourpatentwilllapse.

Oneneedstobepreparedtodefendyourpatent.Takingaction
againstaninfringercanbeveryexpensive.Ontheotherhand,a
patentcanactasadeterrent,makingdefenceunnecessary.

23. L
IMITATIONSOFPATENTS
Cost
Time
Loss of information
Exploitation of invention by inventor.
Infrigerers.

25. S
UMMARY

Apatentisanexclusiverightgrantedforaninvention,whichis
aproductoraprocessthatprovides,ingeneral,anewwayof
doingsomething,oroffersanewtechnicalsolutiontoaproblem.

PatentsareofFourtypes:utilitypatent,designpatent,plant
patentandreissuepatents.patentandreissuepatents.

Anyinventionwhichmustbenovel,non-obvious,capableof
industrialapplicationetccanbepatented.

Anythingagainstuniversallaw,businessschemes,
mathematicalmethodsandanyartisticcreationcannotbe
patented.

26. Stagesofpatenting
a.
Filing
b.
Publication
c.
Examination
d.
Opposition
e.
Grant.

Themainusergroupsofpatentinformationare--smalland

Themainusergroupsofpatentinformationare--smalland
medium-sizeenterprises;researchanddevelopment
institutions;governmentalauthoritiesetc..

Patentregistrationisagreatwaytoprotectowninvention
foratleasttimeperiodof20years.Itisquitecostlybuthas
greatbenefitslikeintellectualpropertyrights,legal
protection,assetcreationandmanymore.

27. R
EFERENCES

www.indianpatents.org.in

www.tifac.org.in

www.elsevier.com

PhilipW.Grubb“PatentforChemicals,
PharmaceuticalsandBiotechnology”Oxford
UniversityPress,4thedition.

28. THANK YOU .THANK YOU .