Intelligent tests

Tests

1. INTELLIGENCE TESTS

2. INTELLIGENCE TESTS Modern Intelligence tests are divided into two types: Individual Tests Group Tests Individual test : one individual is tested at a time Group test : group of individuals tested at a time

3. INDIVIDUAL TEST

4. Verbal or Language tests : These tests make use of language . Here the instructions are given in words (either in written or oral form or both). Individuals a re required to use language as well as paper or pencil for giving the responses. The test content is loaded with verbal material

5. Non-Verbal or Non-Language tests These tests involve such activities in which the use of language is not necessary. The use of language is eliminated from the test content and response expect in giving directions .

6. INDIVIDUAL TESTS: Two Individual tests stand out in the measurement of intelligence Stanford- Binet Intelligence test Wechsler Bellevue Intelligence Scales

7. Stanford- Binet Intelligence Test Stanford- Binet test(1916) is a new version of Binet -Simon test In the year 1905, two French Psychologist Binet and Simon discover the Intelligence test. After that in 1916 it was modified by American Psychologist Lewis Terman with Binet At Stanford University for current use of Intelligent assessment. Afterwards, it is known as Stanford- Binet Intelligence Test

8. Age Group: 2-23 years Total time : 30 to 90 minutes In this Version, Terman adopted the system of calculating IQ using the formula: I.Q. = (Mental Age/Chronological Age)*100

9. If a child could pass the tests expected of a 6 years old, then the child is expected to have a mental age 6. His chronological Age is 6. I.Q. = (6/6)*100 =100 This test became the Standard IQ test all over the world

10. The Stanford- Binet measures five factors of cognitive ability Fluid Reasoning Knowledge Quantitative Reasoning Visual-Spatial Processing Working Memory

11. Following are examples of items which a 10 year old is expected to pass: Vocabulary: Correctly defining eleven words from a graded list of forty five. The test begins with “Orange”, “Straw”, “puddle” etc Block counting : Counting the number of blocks in a three dimensional picture in which some of the blocks are obscured. Abstract Words : Define two of the following: pity,, curiosity, grief, surprise.

12. Finding Reason : a) Give two reason why children should not be noisy in schools b) Give two reasons why most people would rather have a motor car than a bicycle. Word Naming : Naming many words as possible in one minute.

13. Repeating digits : Repeating in order at least one of the following sequence: a) 4-7-3-8-5-9 b) 5-2-9-7-4-6 Detailed scoring instructions are given for each of them. A list of acceptable and unacceptable answers are also given Majority of the items of this test are verbal. They Measure crystallized ability more than Fluid Ability.

14. Individual Performance test As said earlier, the complete non-verbal or non-language tests of intelligence for testing an individual at a time come into this classification. In these tests the contents and responses are in the form of performance and language is not used at all. In these tests the items which require responses in terms of motor activities are included.

15. Block building or cube construction: Where the subject is asked to make a structure or design by means of blocks or cubes supplied to him Examples are Merril Palmer Block Building Koh’s Block Design Test Alexander’s pass-along test

16. To fit the blocks in the holes: Test material of such types provides numerous blocks and a board in which there are holes corresponding to each blocks. The subject has to fit the blocks in these corresponding holes. Examples are, Seguin Form Board Test Goddard Form Board Test

17. Tracing a Maze Test material consists of a series of mazes of increasing difficulty, each printed on a separate sheet. The subject is required to trace with pencil, the path from entrance to exit. Example: Porteus Maze test

18. Picture Arrangement In picture arrangement test the task is to arrange in series the given pictures whereas in picture completion test the subject is required to complete the pictures with the help of given pieces cut of each picture. Example Healy pictorial completion Test

19. Healy Pictorial Completion Test

20. As seen above, these tests try to lay stress on one or the other types of performance. Istead of using one or two tests a group of performance tested, organized either into a scale or battery, are used for a comprehensive picture of an Individual's mental ability Examples are, The Pinter Patterson Scale The Arthur Point Scale Alexander’s Battery of Performance Test

21. WECHSLER SCALE The first popular individual test is the Wechsler Bellevue scale (1938). Developed by Dr. David Wechsler, a clinical psychologist The test measures one’s ability to adapt and constructively solve problems in the environment

22. Consists of three scales : 1) WAIS - W echsler A dult I ntelligence T est 2) WISC – W echsler I ntelligence S cale for C hildren 3) WPPSI – W echsler P reschool and P rimary S cale of I ntelligence

23. WAIS : to measure intelligence and Cognitive ability in adults and older Adolescents ( 16-74 years ) WISC : intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 to 16 years WPPSI : intelligence test for children between the ages 4-6 years

24. In 1939, Wechsler made a modification of Terman’s formula for IQ. He shifted the Emphasis from chronological age to the idea of an average score for that person’s group. According To this modified system, I.Q. =(Actual test score/Average score for norm group)*100 This is known as Deviation IQ because the score is a measure of how different someone is from the other in the group

25. Wechsler intelligence test consists of ELEVEN sub-sets SIX of them are in VERBAL INTELLIGENCE FIVE of them are PERFORMANCE INTELLIGENCE

26. VERBAL SCALE Information Comprehension Arithmetic Similarities Digit Span Vocabulary Word Reasoning One who is good with words and reads a lot to do well in this part of the test

27. PERFORMANCE SCALE Digit symbol Picture completion Block Design Picture Arrangement Object Assembly Matrix reasoning Mazes

28. A person has to do as many as these in one and a half minutes. Some clinical Psychologists have used these sub sets to identify brain disorders It has been found that the verbal test measure essentially crystallized ability and performance tests the fluid ability.

29. A Brief description of the subscales of the WISC used for used for the range of 5 to 15 is given below: VERBAL SCALE: a) Information : Answering questions like “What is steam made of?” or “what is a pepper?” b)Comprehension: What would you do if you see someone forget his book when he leaves his seat in a restaurant? c) Arithmetic : Solving typical school text book problems in a given time

30. d) Similarities: Describe how things are alike? eg. Lion & Tiger e) Digit Span : Repeating of numbers f) Vocabulary : Defining words

31. PERFORMANCE SCALE Picture completion : Identify the missing part in complex pictures. Block Design : Pictures of block structure to be produced by arranging coloured blocks Picture arrangement : arranging pictures in proper order so that they may tell a story. Object Assembly : Making a picture out of scrambled Jigsaw like pieces.

32. CONCLUSION The WISC and Stanford- Binet are the most popular tests They are regularly used by educational Psychologists Individual tests which can be administrated only by highly trained persons.