Interaction between carbohydrate , protein and fat metabolism

The breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids connect with the pathways of glucose catabolism. The simple sugars are galactose, fructose, glycogen, and pentose. These are catabolized during glycolysis. The amino acids from proteins connect with glucose catabolism through pyruvate, acetyl CoA, and components of the citric acid cycle. Cholesterol synthesis starts with acetyl groups, and the components of triglycerides come from glycerol-3-phosphate from glycolysis and acetyl groups produced in the mitochondria from pyruvate.

1. INTERACTION BETWEEN CARBOHYDRATE , PROTEIN AND FAT METABOLISM Sweta Ghosh West Bengal State University Food & Nutrition

2. Introduction Carbohydrate Carbohydrate metabolism Protein Protein metabolism Fat Fat metabolism Inter conversion between 3 principal components Relation between the metabolism of protein , carbohydrates and fats C arbohydrate & lipid metabolism Relationship between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate & protein metabolism Relationship between protein and carbohydrate metabolism Summery Conclusion Reference CONTENTS

3. Carbohydrates, protein and fat are macronutrients . In the human body metabolism is the oxidization of carbohydrates, protein and fat to give CO 2 , H 2 O and energy . Cellular metabolism describes the process by which the products of digestion are chemically modified to yield usable energy . INTRODUCTION

4. Carbohydrates are sugar. It provide energy for daily activity. Provide to allow proper organ function. Provide to the energy of life. Intermediate energy in the form of GLUCOSE. Store energy in the form of GLYCOGEN. CARBOHYDRATES

5. CARBOHYDRATES METABOLISM

6. Proteins are a sequences of amino acids. Proteins are molecular machines , building blocks ,and arms of a living cell. Protein is the major source of energy . Protein produces enzymes that increase the rate of chemical reactions in the body Protein is involved in the creation of some hormones. PROTEIN

7. PROTEIN METABOLISM

8. Fats are organic compounds composed of carbon , hydrogen, and oxygen, content and are usually flammable and slippery. Fat produce heat and energy. Fats insulate the body with a layer of adipose tissue. Fat protect delicate organs ( e.g. Kidneys ). There are a source of fat soluble vitamins – A,D,E and k. FAT

9. FAT METABOLISM

10. Conversion of carbohydrates into fats and fats into carbohydrates. Conversion of carbohydrates into proteins and proteins into carbohydrates. Conversion of proteins into fats and fats into proteins. INTER CONVERSION BETWEEN 3 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

11. RELATION BETWEEN THE METABOLISM OF PROTEIN , CARBOHYDRATES AND FATS

12. The fasting state Amino acids , glycerol, lactate used for gluconeogenesis Ketone formation The starvation state Fatty acids used to greater extent Glycerol major glucose source Ketosis after oxaloacetate depletion CARBOHYDRATE & LIPID METABOLISM

13. Acetyl CoA is the link between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Glucose , glycerol and fatty acids all degrade into acetyl CoA Biosynthesis of fatty acids , ketone bodies & cholesterol all use acetyl CoA. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

14. The metabolism of fatty acids and that of carbohydrates and protein are intimately related . The constituents are in a constant state of flux. Even the structural proteins, carbohydrates and storage lipids are constantly broken down and rebuilt . The status of a particular animal is the net result between the rates of synthesis and of breakdown of its body constituents. CARBOHYDRATE & PROTEIN METABOLISM

15. Glycerol is the only component of lipids that is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates. On the other hand , lipids can be formed from carbohydrate in many ways . Indeed , the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins is metabolically dynamic. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

16. The breakdown and synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids connect with the pathways of glucose catabolism. The simple sugars are galactose, fructose, glycogen, and pentose. These are catabolized during glycolysis. The amino acids from proteins connect with glucose catabolism through pyruvate, acetyl CoA, and components of the citric acid cycle. Cholesterol synthesis starts with acetyl groups, and the components of triglycerides come from glycerol-3-phosphate from glycolysis and acetyl groups produced in the mitochondria from pyruvate. SUMMARY

17. In the human body metabolism is the oxidization of carbohydrates, protein and fat to give CO 2 , H 2 O and energy. The metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins is metabolically dynamic . So, the metabolism of fatty acids and that of carbohydrates and protein are intimately related. CONCLUSION

18. Integration of metabolism – Ashok Katta www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.gasexchange.com Wikipedia Proteins – Deepika Fat – Dr. Shailendra Meena REFERENCE