intercropping ppt

contains different cropping system

1. Integration of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in different Cropping Systems Sukriti Dutt A Research Scholar Csir-neist , jorhat , assam

2. I ntroduction MAPs are not only as a source of affordable health care products - also as a source of income Systematic collection and conservation of MAPs is lacking in India 90% collection of medicinal plants is from wild sources and 10 % of MAPs are distributed among other landscape elements like open grasslands, agricultural pastures, wasteland and fresh water bodies etc.

3. Dwindling supplies from natural resources and increasing global demand - expanding the cultivation of MAPs - an important strategy No scope for horizontal expansion of cultivated area Integrate MAPs in different cropping systems with the predominant crops of the region

4. Different ways of growing crops to give maximum benefit Two types of cropping patterns: Mixed cropping: Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land Inter cropping: Practice of growing two or more crops with a definite row pattern in proximity

5. Intercropping

6. Objectives Insurance against total crop failure under aberrant weather conditions or pest epidemics. Increase in total productivity per unit land area Judicious utilization of resources such as land labour and inputs

7. Intercropping in Medicinal Aromatic Plants (MAPs) Major constraint in cultivation of MAPs - availability of cultivable land In order to derive maximum benefit of soil moisture, nutrients and other inputs, MAPs can be grown as inter-crops The most common goal of Intercropping is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop

8. Examples of Intercropping strategies are planting a deep-rooted crop with shallow-rooted crop, or planting a tall crop with shorter crop which requires partial shade. Senna ( Cassia angustifolia ) can be effectively intercropped with chick pea than Sunflower , Linseed, Mustard, Wheat to obtain better S enna herb yield along with maximum net return.

9. Citronella ( Cymbopogon winterianus ) with Coconut Plants

10. Lemon grass adopted well for the coconut shade and yielded better than the sole crop Lemon grass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) with Coconut Plants

11. Palmarosa ( Cymbopogon martini var. m otia )with Bengal gram

12. Alpinia galanga with Coconut Plants

13. Patchouli is a suitable aromatic herb-prefers shade for its growth and developement Coconut+Banana+Patchaoli

14. Coconut + Palmarosa + Mango Ginger + Patchouli + Citronella Tamil Nadu Coconut + Aloe vera + Alpinia + Tulsi Coconut+ Satavari + Adulsa + Arrow root + Lemon grass + Citronella Coconut + Sarpagandha + Aswagandha + Arrowroot Coconut+Piper+Sarpagandha+Patchouli Kerala Ratnagiri , Maharastra West Bengal Assam

15. Stevia rebaudiana , Andrographis paniculata and Catharanthus roseus could be grown profitably under the arecanut compared to Aloe vera , Alpinia galanga, Coleus forskohlii and Ocimum sanctum as their biomass yield reduced drastically under arecanut . Asparagus racemosus and Nilgirianthus ciliatus were found as promising yield.

16. Even Bacopa monnieri and Ocimum basilicum could be considered as they also reported to give high returns per rupee investment and better system productivity Substantial additional income

17. Oil palm based cropping system Alpinia calcarata Rosc . is highly adaptable to various oil palm canopy shade conditions. 5-15 years

18. Intercropping of medicinal plants in black pepper Inter-spaces remain unutilized during early years of planting Adhatoda beddomei , Desmodium gangeticum , Pseudarthria viscida , Plumbago zeylinicum , Niligirianthus ciliatus , Alpinia calcarata , Crysopogon zizanioides , Asparagus racemosus .

19. Intercropping of medicinal plants in black pepper Asparagus gave maximum yield (1998 kg/ha) followed by Alpinia (1,700 kg/ha). Highest income (B:C ratio = 2.3:1) was obtained with Crysopogon intercropping

20. MAPS in multistorey cropping system It is a system of growing crops together of different heights at the same time on the same piece of land and thus using land, water, and space most efficiently and economically New plantations of coffee, tea & cocoa offer scope for cultivation of forest medicinal trees that are under demand

21. Medicinal trees Prunus africana (Red stinkwood ) , Eucalyptus globules (for oil), Santalum album ( Sandalwood ), Saraca ashok a ( Ashok), Aegle marmelos ( Bael ), Anona squamosa ( Custard apple), Emblica officinalis ( Amla ), Moringa oleifera ( Drumstick) and Sapindus mukorossi ( Soap nut tree)

22. Medicinal trees Medicinal trees may allow intercropping for many years or on a permanent basis depending on the spacing and nature of the trees. The intercrops give some income to farmers during the period when the main trees have not started production. Eucalyptus citriodora can be effectively grown along with Coffee, Lemongrass and P almarosa .

23. Types of Intercropping Mixed Intercropping: The component crops are mixed in the available space. Row Cropping: Component crops are arranged alternate rows. Alley Cropping: An agroforestry practice where agricultural or horticultural crops are grown in the alleyways between widely spaced rows of woody plants.

24. Strip Cropping: Growing soil conserving crops in alternate strips running perpendicular to the slope of the land or to the direction of prevailing winds for the purpose of reducing erosion. Vetiver ( Vetiveria zizanioides ), Lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) and Citronella ( Cymbopogon winterianus )

25. Relay Cropping: The second crop is sown during the growth, often near the onset of reproductive development or  fruiting, of the first crop, so that the first crop is harvested to make room prepare for the full development of the second crop.

26. Crop rotation Crop rotation - Growing two or more crops in a sequence in the same land within a specified time period, which is usually one calendar year. This system allows utilization of land throughout or most part of year. In the recent past, the rice-wheat rotation with corn mint has been successfully practiced over a very large area in the Indo- Gangetic plains.

27. As per CIMAP recommendation First year Crop Second year Crop July/August to October ( Kharif season) Rice June/July to November/ December Pigeon pea November/December to March ( Rabi season) Chickpea November/ December to April Wheat March/April to June/July ( Zaid season) Corn mint April to July/ August Corn mint

28. MAPs and Agroforestry Forests are the primary source of medicinal plants, and MAPs are one of the many valuable categories of non timber forest products (NTFPs). Forests provide a wealth of highly prized MAPs, whether in the alpine and sub-alpine Northwest Himalayas, Afro-mountain areas, humid tropics or temperate regions. In India, medicinal plants are harvested regularly in appreciable quantities and exported with government approval.

29. Aromatic plants with timber tree M. arvensis , M. piperita , M. citrata var. citrata , M. spicata , M. cardiac, M. gracilis , C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martinii. Populus deltoides or Eucalyptus spp

30. Aromatic plants with timber tree Pelargonium graveolens M. arvensis , M. piperita , M. citrata var. citrata , M. spicata , M. cardiac and M. gracilis C. flexuosus, C. winterianus, C. martinii. 2-4 times greater economic returns than sole cropping Initial 3-5 years Eucalyptus citriodora

31. Aromatic plants profitably grown in association with fuel and timber trees such as Leucana leucocephala , Casuarina spp. and Grevillea robusta . Aromatic grasses such as vetiver ( Vetiveria zizanioides ), lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus ) and citronella ( Cymbopogon winterianus ) can be grown on field bunds and soil conservation bunds. In West Bengal, Costus speciosus , a diosgenin producing plant, is recommended as major storey crop in social forestry programs.

32. 9 Acacia auriculiformis , Albizia lebbeck , Eucalyptus tereticornis , Gmelina arborea & Leucaeana leucocephala Most of the temperate medicinal plants are highly suitable for agroforestry system Safed musli ( C. borivilianum ), Rauvolfia ( Rauvolfia serpentina ) Turmeric ( Curcuma longa ), Wild turmeric ( C. aromatica ), Ginger ( Zingiber officinale )

33. Teak and Tulsi

34. Conclusion The time of peak nutrient demands of component crops should not be overlapped. Competition for light should be minimum among the component crops. Complementary should exist between the component crops. The difference in maturity of component crops should be at least 30 days.

35. References Nath, J.C., Deka , K.K.,Saud , B.K. and Mahaswarappa , H.P.(2015). “ Intercropping of medicinal and aromatic crops in adult Coconut garden under Brahmaputra valley region of Assam.” Journalm of Plantation Crops. 43(1): 17-22. Oum , G. and Jeruto , P. (2010). “Sustainable horticultural crop production through intercropping: The case of fruit and vegetable crops: A review.” Agriculture and Biology J ournal of North America. 1(5): 1098-1105. Singh, D.C., Sharma, A. and Vashit K.(2015). “ Intercropping of Medicinal Plants .” International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research. 1(9):48-54. http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=661 .

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