Intercropping system in BT cotton

Intercropping system in BT cotton

1. Welcome

2. Master’s Seminar ON INTER-CROPPING SYSTEM IN Bt COTTON ( Gossypium hirsutum ) Submitted to- Dr. Vikram Singh Associate Professor Department of Agronomy Allahabad School of Agriculture SHIATS Submitted by Vikram Pal M.Sc. (Ag) Agronomy I.D. No – 16MSAGRO010 Department of Agronomy SHIATS

3. FLOW OF PRESENTATION INTRODUCTION WHY INTERCROP ? OBJECTIVES OF INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS TYPES OF INTER-CROPPING ADVANTAGES PRINCIPLES OF INTERCROPPING RESEARCH FINDINGS REGARDING OBJECTIVES CONCLUSION REFERENCES

4. INTRODUCTION Intercropping Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops at the same time on the same field . The most common goal of  intercropping  is to produce a greater yield on a given piece of land by making use of resources that would otherwise not be utilized by a single crop.

5. Inter-cropping Intercropping is the cultivation of two or more crops at the same time in same field  Cabbages and Onion SORGHUM AND PIGEON PEA

6. Why intercrop ? 1. Stability:  Intercropping adds diversity to the cropping system and diversity tends to lead to stability . 2. Reduced chemical use.  Intercropping may allow for lower input levels in a cropping system by reducing fertilizer and pesticide requirements . 3.Extra yield.   Over yielding occurs when the yield produced by an intercrop is larger than the yield produced by the component crops grown in monoculture on the same total land area.

7. Objectives of intercropping systems Intercropping was originally practiced as an insurance against crop failure under rainfall condition. At present the main objective of intercropping is higher productivity per unit area in addition to stability in production . Intercropping system utilizes resources sufficiently and their productivity is increased . Insurance against total crop failure under aberrant weather conditions or pest epidemics . Increase in total productivity per unit land area . Judicious utilization of resources such as land labour and inputs.

8. Types of Inter-Cropping a. Mixed intercropping : Growing two or more crops at the same time with no distinct row arrangement . b. Row intercropping:   Growing two or more crops at the same time where one or more crops are planted in rows. Groudnut+sorghum (6:2) Maize and soybean

9. C. Strip Inter-cropping: Growing two or more crops at the same time in different strips wide enough to permit independent cultivation but narrow enough for the crops to interact ergonomically. d. Relay inter-cropping:   Growing two or more crops at the same time during part of the life cycle of each. A second crop is planted after the first crop has reached its reproductive stage but before it is ready for harvest. OAT + SOYABEAN

10. Inter-cropping may be divided into the following four groups (Singh 1990) i ) Parallel Cropping: Under this cropping two crops are selected which have different growth habits and have a zero competition between each other . E.g . 1) Green gram or black gram with maize. 2) Green gram or soybean with cotton . ii) Companion Cropping: In companion cropping the yield of one crop is not affected by other. E.g.1) Mustard, wheat, potato, etc. with sugarcane 2) Wheat, radish, cabbage , sugar beat etc., with potato. Cont.….

11. iii) Multistoried Cropping: or Multi-tire cropping: Growing plants of different height in the same field at the same time is termed as multistoried cropping . e.g. 1) Eucalyptus +Papaya + Berseem ) Multi-tire Cropping: Inter-cropping is mostly prevalent in plantation crops like coconut and areca nut. The practice different crops of varying heights, rooting pattern and duration are called multi-tire cropping. e .g . Coconut + black pepper + cocoa + pineapple.

12. Advantages Intercropping gives higher income per unit area than sole cropping. Intercrops maintain soil fertility as the nutrient uptake is made from both layers . Reduce soil runoff . intercropping economizes water use. E.g. Pearl millet + red grams. Source :My Agriculture Information B ank

13. Principles of intercropping Intercrops should occupy a secondary place in the orchard, primary consideration being given to the perennial fruit trees. At least 120 cm. radius must be left from the base of the growing fruit trees for taking intercrops. Such intercrops should be selected that do not exhaust the nutrient and moisture from the soil, so essential for the growth of fruit trees. Cont.….

14. Perennial or exhaustive crops should be discouraged as an intercrop in the orchard . This may have devitalizing effect on the growing trees. For example, sugarcane, pigeon pea, maize, jowar should invariably be excluded from an intercropping programme in the orchard.

15. RESEARCH FINDINGS REGARDING OBJECTIVES

16. A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2010 and 2011 at Ludhiana, Punjab to study the effect of intercrops and different levels of recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN). The main plot treatments comprised Bt cotton intercropped with fodder maize, fodder cowpea, summer mungbean, pearlmillet fodder and long melon and subplot treatments consisted of 5 levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of recommended dose of nitrogen applied to intercrops on area basis. The maximum seedcotton equivalent yield recorded under Bt cotton + fodder maize intercropping system Experiment on Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

17. Table 1. Effect of different levels of recommended dose of nitrogen to intercrops on the yield of intercrops (pooled data of 2 years) %RDN to intercrops Maize (fodder) Pearlmillet (fodder) Cowpea (fodder) Mean 16.5 22.1 14.4 10.9 25 20.8 26.0 15.9 12.9 50 22.8 29.1 16.7 14.1 75 23.8 30.1 16.9 14.5 100 24.1 30.7 17.0 14.7 Mean 21.6 27.6 16.2 Intercrops yield ( t/ha) Source: Rekha and Dhuria (2010)

18. Table 2. Effect of different intercropping systems to intercrops on opened bolls , total bolls, boll opening percentage and boll weight of Bt cotton Treatment Opened bolls/plant Total bolls/plant Boll opening % Boll weight(g) Bt cotton + fodder maize 28.9 B 32.7B 88.3 3.60A Bt cotton + fodder pearlmillet 20.6 C 24.3C 85.0 3.47B Bt cotton + fodder cowpea 29.5 A 33.6A 87.9 3.66A Bt cotton + summer mungbean 30.3A 35.1A 86.5 3.68A Bt cotton +long melon 31.5A 35.7A 88.3 3.68A RATIO 1 : 1 CD (P=0.05) 3.45 3.49 NS 0.15 Source: Rekha and Dhuria (2010)

19. Table 3. Interaction of intercropping systems and recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) to intercrops on seed-cotton-equivalent yield (t/ha) Bt cotton + fodder maize 2.29A 2.56A 2.69A 2.74A 2.75A Bt cotton + fodder pearlmillet 1.60C 1.82C 1.95D 1.99E 2.00E Bt cotton + fodder cowpea 2.24A 2.34A 2.40B 2.41B 2.42B Bt cotton + summer mungbean 2.06A 2.21B 2.26C 2.29C 2.30C Bt cotton +long melon 1.92B 2.05B 2.08C 2.09D 2.10D CD (P=0.05) 0.30 0.30 0.03 0.03 0.07 RDN to intercrops(%) 0 25 50 75 100 Intercropping system (1 : 1) Ramanjaneyulu and Reddy (2002)

20. CONCLUSION By using Intercropping soil fertility, nutrient uptake and income increases per unit area in comparison to sole cropping

21. References Cotton Association of India (2008) Cotton statistics and news (Issue No. 42). Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Palchamy A, Purushothaman S, Rajgopal A (1991) Water use of crops grown in pure and intercropping stands. Indian J Agron 36:300–302 Singh A., Singh T. (2015). Growth, yield and quality of Bt cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) as influenced by different intercropping systems and nitrogen levels. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 60 (2): 236-244 Singh R.V ., Sharma A.K. and Tomar , (2003) . Weed-control in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) under late sown condition. Indian Journal of Agronomy 48(2): 114–16 .

22. THANK YOU