Interest articulation presentation

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1. Lecturer: SENG Phanna Interest Articulation Ven. Ao Vanna ID: 0688746 Ven. Mom Sa Oeun ID: 105435 Ven. Duch Utdom ID: 0689869 Mr. Sok Lyheng ID: 96794 Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia Sila Samathi Panna Congratulations to the whole team! We Got High Appreciations from Professor and the Entire Class on this presentation.

2. Content Definition Citizen Action How Citizens Participate Interest Groups Civil Society Interest Group Systems Access to the Influential Interest Group Development Conclusion

3. I. Definition Interest Articulation is to express your dissatisfaction and try to stop the legislation or suppose to see a need the government is not addressing to encourage government action to address local and national needs

4. II. Citizen Actions Voting, participation in election Informal group Direct contact on personal matter Direct contact on policy issue Protest activity Political consumerism

5. III. How Citizens Participate Voter turnout in most national elections Interested in politics Belong environmental group Signed a petition Joined in a boycott Participated in lawful protest demonstration

6. IV. Interest Groups Interest articulation or interest group can also occur through the actions of group that represent a set of people . An  interest group  is a group of people working together through an organization and advocating on behalf of shared interests . Interest group , also called  special interest group  or  pressure group , any association of individuals or organizations, usually formally organized, that, on the basis of one or more shared concerns , attempts to influence public policy.

7. IV. Interest Groups There are four main types of Interest Group 1. Anomic Groups: Anomic groups are groups that suddenly form when many an event that stimulates frustration, disappointment , or other strong emotion . 2. Nonassociational Groups: Nonassociational groups are based on common interests and identities of ethnicity , region, religion, occupation, or perhaps kinship . Because of these ties, nonassociational groups have more continuity than anomic group. But nonassociational groups rarely are well organized, and their activity is episodic. 3. Institutional groups: Institutional groups are based on formal organizations that have other political or social functions in addition to interest articulation. Business corporations, political parties, legislature, armies, bureaucracies, and churches often have separate political groups with special responsibility for representing a group’s interest.

8. IV. Interest Groups 4. Associational Groups: Associational groups are formed explicitly represent the interest of a particular group, such as trade unions, chamber of commerce, manufacture’s associations, and ethnic associations . These organizations have procedures for formulating interests belief in a political ideology or policy goal.

9. V. Civil Society What and who is Civil Society ? Political analysts devoted increasing attention to whether an extensive network of interest groups and public participation in these groups create civil society. A society in which people are involved in social and political interactions free of state or regulation. According to the World Bank: “Civil society ... refers to a wide array of organizations: community groups, non-governmental organizations [NGOs], labor unions, indigenous groups, charitable organizations, faith-based organizations, professional associations, and foundations.”

10. VI. Interest Group Systems three main types of interest group systems: Pluralist Interest Group System Democratic Corporatist Interest Group Systems Controlled Interest Group Systems

11. Pluralist Interest Group System Multiple groups may represent a single societal interest. Group membership is voluntary and limited. Groups often have a loose or decentralized organizational structure. There is a clear separation between interest groups and the government.

12. 2. Democratic Corporatist Interest Group Systems A single peak association normally represents each societal interest. Membership in the peak association is often Compulsory and nearly universal. Peak associations are centrally organized and direct the actions of their members. Groups are often systematically involved in making and implementing policy.

13. 3. Controlled Interest Group Systems ■ There is a single group for each social sector. ■ Membership is often compulsory. ■ Each group is normally hierarchically organized. ■ Groups are controlled by the government or its agents in order to mobilize support for government policy.

14. VII. Access to the Influential To be effective, interest groups must be able to reach key policymakers through channels of political access. Legitimate and constitutional channels of access Illegitimate, coercive access channels of accessc

15. 1. Legitimate Access Channels Personal connections: effective means of shaping attitudes and conveying messages Mass media: mobilize support Political parties: represent interests Legislatures: lobby target Government bureaucracies: policymaking authority

16. 2. Coercive Access Channels and Tactics Feelings of relative deprivation motivate people to act aggressively. Source of frustration, discontent, and anger Greater discontent/anger yields greater probability of collective violence Riots (often spontaneous) Strikes/obstructions (coordinated) Political terror tactics ( assassination, armed attacks, mass bloodshed)

17. VIII. Interest Group Development Diversity of interest groups is a byproduct of modernization. Successful democratic development leads to the emergence of complex interest group systems. Not an automatic process – many problems involved: Level of trust shared among members of society Authoritarian parties/bureaucracies may suppress autonomous interest groups Bias within the interest group system Levels of participation in associational groups declining

18. Citizens hold various values or preferences that they wish to promote in public policy, such as protecting the environment or encouraging steel production, and these amount to their interests in government and politics. Citizens with similar political interests often organize into interest groups, and the related concepts of interest articulation. IX. Conclusion

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