International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)

1. Dr. Ishwar Prakash Sharma (Scientist-C) Herbal Research Department Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar , Uttarakhand International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)

2. ICN  is the set of rules and recommendations that govern the scientific naming of all organisms traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae ( Cyanobacteria ), chytrids , oomycetes, slime moulds, and photosynthetic protists with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups. Before 2011 it was called the  International Code of Botanical Nomenclature  (ICBN ). The ICBN was changed to the ICN at the International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Melbourne, Australia in July 2011 as part of the Melbourne Code.

3. XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC), which took place in Shenzhen, China in July 2017 . Shenzhen Code supersedes the Melbourne Code (McNeill & al. in Regnum Veg. 154. 2012), published after the XVIII IBC in Melbourne, Australia in 2011 . P ublished on 26 June 2018 (printed version ). 27 June 2018 (electronic version) Shenzhen Code (2017)

4. https:// www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php

5. Algae, fungi, and plants are the organisms  covered by this  Code The Principles form the basis of the system of nomenclature governed by this  Code Names that have been conserved, protected, or rejected, suppressed works, and binding decisions are given in  Appendices I–VII The  International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants  is prepared This edition of the  Code  supersedes all previous editions Preamble

6. PRINCIPLE I- The nomenclature of algae, fungi, and plants is independent of zoological and prokaryotic nomenclature. PRINCIPLE II- The application of names of taxonomic groups is determined by means of nomenclatural types. PRINCIPLE III- The nomenclature of a taxonomic group is based upon priority of publication. PRINCIPLE IV- Each taxonomic group with a particular circumscription, position, and rank can bear only one correct name, the earliest that is in accordance with the rules, except in specified cases. PRINCIPLE V- Scientific names of taxonomic groups are treated as Latin regardless of their derivation. PRINCIPLE VI- The rules of nomenclature are retroactive unless expressly limited.

7. kingdom ( regnum) division or phylum ( divisio or phylum) class ( classis) order ( ordo) family ( familia ) genus (genus ) species (species ) hybrid taxa ( nothotaxa )

8. tribe ( tribus ) section ( sectio ) series ( series) variety ( varietas ) form (forma)

9. 11 Kingdom Subkingdom Division or Phylum Subdivision or Subphylum Class Subclass Order Suborder Family Subfamily Tribe Subtribe Genus Subgenus Section Subsection Series Subseries Species Subspecies Variety Subvariety Form Subform Principle Rank- 7 Secondary Rank- 5 Sub Rank- 12

10. Division II. Rules and Recommendations Class c l. Order ord. Family f am. Tribe t r. Genus gen. Subgenus subg . Section sect. Series ser. Species sp. Subspecies subsp . Variety v ar. Form f. Nothospecies nothosp .

11. Division II. Rules and Recommendations Effective publication Valid publication legitimate or illegitimate Combination Autonyms gen. nov. , sp . nov . nom. nov.

12. Division II. Rules and Recommendations

13. The application of names of taxa at the rank of family or below is determined by means of nomenclatural types A nomenclatural type ( typus ) is that element to which the name of a taxon is permanently attached, whether as the correct name or as a synonym A new combination or a name at new rank ( Art. 6.10 ) is typified by the type of the basionym A replacement name ( Art. 6.11 ) is typified by the type of the replaced synonym even though it may have been applied erroneously to a taxon now considered not to include that type The type of an autonym is the same as that of the name from which it is derived A name of a taxon assigned to a group with a nomenclatural starting-point later than 1 May 1753 (see  Art. 13.1 ) is to be typified by an element selected from the context of its valid publication For purposes of priority ( Art. 9.19 ,  9.20 , and  10.5 ), designation of a type is achieved only by effective publication

14. The type (holotype, lectotype , or neotype ) of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon is either a single specimen conserved in one herbarium or other collection or institution, or a published or unpublished illustration A specimen may be mounted as more than one preparation, as long as the parts are clearly labelled as being part of that same specimen, or bear a single, original label in common . Type specimens of names of taxa must be preserved permanently and may not be living organisms or cultures The type, epitypes ( Art. 9.9 ) excepted, of the name of a fossil-taxon at the rank of species or below is always a specimen

15. Holotype Isotype Syntype Paratype Lectotype Neotype Epitype

16. Division II. Rules and Recommendations

17. Each family or lower-ranked taxon with a particular circumscription, position, and rank can bear only one correct name. Special exceptions are made for nine families for which alternative names are permitted Compositae  (nom. alt.:  Asteraceae ;  type:  Aster  L .) Cruciferae  (nom. alt.:  Brassicaceae ;  type:  Brassica  L .) Gramineae  (nom. alt.:  Poaceae ;  type:  Poa  L .) Guttiferae  (nom. alt.:  Clusiaceae ;  type:  Clusia  L .) Labiatae  (nom. alt.:  Lamiaceae ;  type:  Lamium  L .) Leguminosae  (nom. alt.:  Fabaceae ;  type:  Faba  Mill. [=  Vicia  L .]) Palmae  (nom. alt.:  Arecaceae ;  type:  Areca  L .) Umbelliferae  (nom. alt.:  Apiaceae ;  type:  Apium  L .) Papilionaceae  (nom. alt.:  Fabaceae ;  type:  Faba  Mill.) When the  Papilionaceae  are regarded as a family distinct from the remainder of the  Leguminosae ,  the name  Papilionaceae  is conserved against  Leguminosae .

18. A name has no priority outside the rank at which it is published ( Art . 53.3 ) For any taxon from family to genus, inclusive, the correct name is the earliest legitimate one with the same rank, except in cases of limitation of priority by conservation or protection ( s Art . 14  and  F.2 ) or where  Art. 11.7 ,  11.8 ,  19.4 ,  56 ,  57 ,  F.3 , or  F.7   apply For any taxon below the rank of genus, the correct name is the combination of the final epithet of the earliest legitimate name of the taxon An autonym is treated as having priority over the name(s) of the same date and rank that upon their valid publication established the autonym ( Art . 22.3  and  26.3 ) For purposes of priority, names given to hybrids are subject to the same rules as are those of non-hybrid taxa at equivalent rank

19. A name of a taxon has no status under this  Code  unless it is validly published

20. Valid publication of names for organisms of different groups is treated as beginning at the following dates eg . Musci , 1 January 1801 (Hedwig,  Species muscorum frondosorum ) Algae , 1 May 1753 (Linnaeus,  Species plantarum ,  ed. 1) Conservation aims at retention of those names that best serve stability of nomenclature The application of both conserved and rejected names is determined by nomenclatural types Entries of conserved names may not be deleted

21. Publication is also effected by distribution on or after 1 January 2012 of electronic material in Portable Document Format (PDF; see also  Art. 29.3  and  Rec. 29A.1 ) in an online publication with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) or an International Standard Book Number (ISBN).

22. The date of effective publication is the date on which the printed matter or electronic material became available as defined in  Art. 29  and  30 .