International Mktg-Session 03-Culture.pptx

How culture impacts international marketing

1. International Marketing Session 3/4 Akshay Kumar [email protected] +91.9371303333

2. Global Marketing Environments We covered Economic Systems Trade related systems : GATT, WTO A quick run through of some Trading Blocs With their impact on Global Marketers Moving on, Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

3. Global Marketing Environments In next two sessions, we will navigate our way and see how an International Marketer is impacted by * Culture, including Business Ethics * Political, Legal, Regulatory environments Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

4. Global Marketing Environments - Culture eBay : personal online auction site Hugely successful in the US and many markets Ran into trouble in both France and Japan While France can be explained away by lower internet adoption Whats the story with eBay in Japan? Embarrassing to sell castoffs to anyone Much less to buy it from total strangers Garage sales are unheard of, unlike the US Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

5. Global Marketing Environments - Culture How many of you have travelled abroad Discuss one or two key cultural differences that you noticed on your trip Let’s not forget similarities – can you spot a couple of those too So, what is Culture? Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

6. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Culture is an amorphous term Most people understand it, though they may find it difficult to articulate I, personally, like this simple description: Culture deals with a group’s design for living, and Culture is “learned behavior passed on from generation to generation” Another def: Culture is society’s accepted basis for responding to external and internal events What is a group/society will depend on the context – Indians in the US, South vs North Indians in India, Townies vs Suburbanites in Mumbai  Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

7. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Hofstede’s notion of culture – Dutch scholar who defined National Culture along 6 dim “the collective programming of the mind” ABV: Attitude – Belief – Value (example from Japan) V: Living with cooperation /consensus B: We the Japanese are unique in the world A: US is an imp source of fashion trends, so favourable towards American labels India as a society? Culture has impact on, both, how we do business internationally marketing strategy for brands Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

8. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Culture is all about awareness Awareness of our own culture, our own biases (SRC) and the resultant ethnocentricity And then, Awareness of cultures other than ours We do Namaste, and have started shaking hands too Europeans shake hands; they also kiss women on the cheek as a form of greeting Arabs hug, and even men buss each other on the cheek/nose Do you know how Arab men and women greet each other? Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

9. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Culture gets manifested through various social institutions Family Educational Religious Governmental Business The above tend to reinforce cultural norms Culture includes both conscious and subconscious values Culture tends to create/define “a category of people” Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

10. Global Marketing Environments - Culture INTL MKTG - Adaptation or accommodation is a key concept Willingness to adapt is a crucial attitude The above does not mean giving up your own identity or culture, but being aware of those differences, as well as your own SRC Some examples In China and in many parts of Asia, it is important to make points without winning arguments Criticism can cause someone to lose face Use of first names is natural in US, it is downright rude in many countries Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

11. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Some more examples Touching each other during conversations, as is common in Brazil, would be seen as invasion of privacy by an American Closer home, in India, the way guys hold hands and show a sense of fraternity would be most likely misconstrued as being gay A Marketer needs to be Aware of these cultural differences Likely impact of a cultural faux pas Must Dos, and total Don’ts! Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

12. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Good international marketers do understand cultural differences The best ones also try and understand the origins of these differences But why is the origin important? Deeper knowledge helps the Marketer - Notice cultural differences in newer markets - Foresee changes in current markets of operations Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

13. Cultural Intelligence Today’s global business world requires people to interact effectively in multiple cultures This skill is now getting labeled as CQ (IQ,EQ, etc ) There are potential outcomes of CQ as MNCs hire, promote, train and prepare execs for international assignments But what could be some antecedents that impact CQ Types of exposure ( studying abroad, living abroad, working abroad, working with colleagues of other countries) Levels of exposure Willingness to learn and adaptability to change Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

14. Global Marketing Environments - Culture World’s cultures have both similarities and differences The astute and perceptive Marketer finds similarities through apparent cultural diversity to find different ways of accomplishing the same thing. Shared preferences for - convenience foods - disposable products - popular music - movies In North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia suggest that many consumer products have BROAD, UNIVERSAL appeal As they cater to convenience, value, cleanliness and healthy, entertainment Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

15. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Need for convenient food, served at a favourable price and in clean and healthy surroundings – similar across cultures McDonald’s realizes this, and thus has built a profitable global business It also realizes the differences, and hence does not serve hamburgers in India, as most people don’t eat beef Global marketers must recognize the impact of culture on consumption, and either respond to it, or try and change it Eating is at the heart of many cultures. McDonaldization can be a threat to cultural complex of many societies. Eg : France Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

16. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Yesterday, we Finished the section on Trading Blocs, Globalization vs Protectionism Started the discussion on Culture We understood why Marketers must study & understand the impact of culture Not just differences, but also similarities Why similarities? Shared constructs - More efficient use of Mktg Mix Plans Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

17. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Domino’s Pizza World’s largest pizza delivery company Someone laughingly described it as a motorcycle company that also delivers pizza Pulled out of Italy. Why? Italians perceived it as “too American” as they have strong views on what a pizza should be On the other hand, huge success in India with its pizza keema do pyaza,peppy paneer Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

18. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Maggi in India Hugely successful brand in India – now Back with a bang, post its 2015 travails But when it was first launched, circa 1982, it did not achieve the fantastic success that it was supposed to have Its slogan then: 2 minutes, fast to cook, good to eat What were the cultural issues for its initial tepid acceptance and later roaring success Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

19. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Maggi in India : good case where culture impacts a product or a brand Think of a product that changed culture …… The Pill It allowed women in the US to be free from constant drudgery of childbirth and rearing. Took control of their own bodies Helped grow % of women in the workforce Women became independent financially. Social patterns changed Birth control technology has had serious impact on country demographics, and forcing government policy interventions Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

20. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Culture has impact on, both, how we do business internationally marketing strategy for brands Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

21. Global Marketing Environments - Culture How to do business – A Cultural Puzzle Guanxi Ningen kankei Compadre In some cultures, no effective business relationships can begin unless an effort is made to establish some friendship So, do not grudge the time required for that development Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

22. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Language is an important constituent of culture “Fag” * or the N-word NOVA : do we know the marketing folklore Then read up on Snopes.com Funny myth about Electrolux https://gabriellaferenczi.com/2017/05/20/nothing-sucks-like-electrolux/ Whatever be the truth, the point remains: Importance of preparation and professional language services! Face to Face communication – Body language check Internet communication : website in local languages Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

23. Global Marketing Environments - Culture In some societies, Language itself is a social institution, and thus fiercely protected. Given political importance We all speak about how the French refuse to speak in English, even if they know it Closer home, we have hullabullo about the 3-language formula and imposition of Hindi Concept of linguistic distance: helps in market segmentation and market entry strategy. Crossing “wider” language differences increases transaction costs Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

24. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Linguistic Distance : based on roots, similarity of forms and development If English is considered as a starting point, then German is 1 branch away, Danish is 2, Spanish is 3, Japanese is 4, etc Consumer insight based on sociological research: as distance from English increases, individualism decreases. Agree or Disagree? Example – in England, we have just one word for you. In Spanish, Hindi and Mandarin, there are two forms, and depend on context/ respect Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

25. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Language also has implications on how you negotiate, contract, communicate with customers, suppliers, channels, etc Loads of stories exist about cringe-worthy translations and pronunciation subtleties When a UK retailer wanted to open a factory outlet mall in Austria, The official wanted to know where was the factory? American making a pitch for Nike in France wanted to play up his rudimentary French and pronounced it as Neek , and ended up being a joke as it, unfortunately, was the F word, and that too, referred to bestiality Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

26. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Language Non verbal cues : staring at a business card. More important in Asian cultures. Low- context vs High Context culture Long silence can be comforting or uncomfortable, depending on culture Passing documents with left hand : unclean connotations Impact of Tech : emojis are now truly global Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

27. Global Marketing Environments - Culture We thought cultural differences exist if language spoken is different Ironically, even if you speak the same language, cultural differences abound, and communication gaps can exist UK and USA ( Ground floor vs first floor) Lift vs Elevator Hoover vs Vacuum The Spy Who Shagged Me meant nothing to the American crowd. Existence of an economically unified Europe should not mislead a Global Marketer into assuming common set of consumer needs and wants Cultural differences are result of centuries of history and will take time to ameliorate Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

28. Global Marketing Environments - Culture One more example of Language as an important tool to learn for a Global marketer Light Beer What does it mean to you? lower calories, or lower alcohol content Can make a huge difference to your complete marketing strategy, including your campaign Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

29. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Music is an aesthetic component of all cultures In some ways, it represents a “ transculture ”, something that belongs to all Rhythm, or movement through time, is an universal aspect of music Also has country-specific associations Samba * Salsa * Reggae * Merengue Brazil Cuba Jamaica Dominican Republic A unique music style often represents the uniqueness of a cultural entity Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

30. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Music also embodies “think globally, act locally” paradigm Musicians (and Marketers) create hybdrid styles such as Italian hip-hop or Polish Reggae By absorbing, adapting, synthesizing transcultural as well as specific influences In Bollywood, it is called “lifting the tune” https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/11/22/28-bollywood-songs-that-you-didnt-know-were-copied-or-inspired_a_21612426/ Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

31. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Personal Life Work life balance – France, Germany OFTEN experiment with a shorter work week of 3/4 days In many countries now, it is unacceptable, maybe illegal too, to expect email responses, post office hours On the contrary, in Japan, personal life is company life In China, Jack Ma talks about 996 – social implications, marketing implications? ( of course, no one talks about Jack Ma much, now) Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

32. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Role of Colour : An Element of Aesthetics Examples of Brands that have adopted a universal colour across markets Caterpillar and its Yellow Cadbury and its purple : trademarked the colour for its chocolate confectionery Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

33. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Role of Colour : An Element of Aesthetics The perception of colours across cultures Centuries ago, advent of mining led to extraction of minerals containing blue pigment. As it was rare and expensive, Blue came to be associated with royalty and divinity Tiffany Blue is a trademarked colour for its gift bags and boxes Blue also has association with water and sky. Implications of dependability, eternity, constancy Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

34. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Role of Colour : An Element of Aesthetics Nothing is inherently good or bad with any colour , but cultural connotations have a direct bearing on a Marketer’s plans White – connotes purity and cleanliness in the West In China and Asia, it is often associated with death Impact: Bridal dress in West; Funeral dress in China / India Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

35. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Moving on from various elements of Culture, we need to know the impact of culture on how individuals / societies adopt new products/ practices A. The Diffusion Process of Adoption - Roger’s 5-stage adoption process A-I-E-T-A - 5 characteristics of innovation RA-Comp-Complexity-Divisibility-Comm - Adopter categories : social phenomenon , normal distribution curve Different country characteristics of Culture & Communication impact the diffusion process Takada & Jain showed us that Asian countries would show a faster rate of diffusion than the US Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

36. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Study @Home : Impact of Geography and History on Culture Chapter 3 in the book IM Climate /Topography - Tropicalized air conditioners - Washing machines that work on low water supply Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

37. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Summary: (Chapter 3 /4, IM) A. Complete and thorough appreciation of the *Origins – geography, history, political economy, social institutions *Elements – values, beliefs, attitudes, rituals, symbols, May be the single most important advantage for a Global Marketer to plan his/her Mktg Mix B. You have Limited control over the cultural environment C. But, you can affect changes to accelerate the diffusion process Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

38. Global Marketing Environments - Culture Culture will also have its impact on Management styles On negotiations On gender bias On authority and decision making On formality, ranks and tempo On compensation including stocks On security and mobility On personal life Concept of time is most baffling for an International Exec – examples? Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

39. Global Marketing Environments We will now navigate our way and see how an International Marketer is impacted by Culture Business Ethics Political Environment Legal, Regulatory environments Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

40. Global Marketing Environments – Business Ethics Lets begin with the small topic of GIFTS Japan – do not open a gift in front of your counterpart, unless asked, and don’t expect your Japanese recipient to open it Europe – avoid red roses and white flowers, or even numbers and No 13. Do not wrap flowers in papers Russia – in general, they take pleasure in gift giving and receiving. Take chocolates or wine, but not vodka. If flowers, odd nos. Even are for funerals Do these remain as gifts or become bribes? Context rules Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

41. Global Marketing Environments – Business Ethics What is right or appropriate? Ethical standards are often not defined, and frequently not clear While relevant in domestic marketing too, this becomes much more layered and complex in IM as value judgements differ widely amongst culturally diverse groups ( of course, individuals within each group may have varying degrees of sense of honesty) Corruption has more shades than grey  Bribery, Fraud, Nondisclosure, Corporate Misgovernance “Payoffs were a way of life throughout the world” “If you didn’t pay bribes, you didn’t do business” Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

42. Global Marketing Environments – Business Ethics Kinds of Bribes : Variations on a Theme Bribery and extortion – voluntary vs “under threat” Lubrication: small sums of cash, gift or service provided to lower level officials to expedite the normal, lawful performance, say, unloading of cargo in a few hours instead of two days Subornation: Giving large sums of money/services to entice an official to commit an illegal act. For example, wrongly classifying an item in order to evade/reduce custom duties Agent’s fees: but does it involve some money being used for above Different cultures see the shame associated with each of the items above in different ways- find some acceptable, some not! Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

43. Global Marketing Environments – Business Ethics “Other countries don’t have legislation as restrictive as ours does, and that puts us at a Global disadvantage” FCPA - 1977 Prohibits U.S. firms and individuals from paying bribes to foreign officials in furtherance of a business deal Colgate was not present in Nigeria, Africa’s largest consumer market Companies can change /impact long standing business practices Diageo in India – UK too has a similar act Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

44. Global Marketing Environments – Business Ethics Transparency International, and its CPI Corruption Perceptions Index Has no statutory or penal powers; works on moral persuasion and influence by lower ranked countries feeling obligated to do something Slow and long process that will hopefully change global integrity levels Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

45. Global Marketing Environments – Business Ethics Beyond bribery and corruption, Ethical Decisions can be generally seen to fall in these categories A. Employment practices and policies B. Consumer protection C. Environmental protection D. Political payments and involvements E. Basic human rights and fundamental freedoms Mandated by law, which becomes the floor. Then use your own moral judgement of what is correct /ethical and ought to be done Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

46. Global Marketing Environments We will now navigate our way and see how an International Marketer is impacted by Culture Business Ethics Political Environment Legal, Regulatory environments Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

47. Global Marketing Environments - Political The Banana War EU had banana-import rules that favoured Caribbean bananas over Latin American bananas Was aimed at helping former colonies in Caribbean and Africa This helped European firms that were distributing the above vis a vis US firms that were exporting Latin American bananas to EU The US itself does NOT export bananas. But this was war  US imposed 100% import tariffs –as retaliation- on Parma ham from Italy, handbags from France, & bath oil and soaps from Germany Chiquita Brands and Dole Food Co sought US govt help, claiming loss of US20MN sales annually. And, the US govt obliged- by putting these 100% import tariffs Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

48. Global Marketing Environments - Political The Banana War All this was politics! Was finally resolved- high tariff on Latin American bananas, no tariff on Caribbean ones but they got quotas Finally, in 2009, the 16 year old banana split got resolved Fun fact Political campaign contributions of Chiquita went up from USD40K in ‘91 to $1.3 MN in 1998. reminder : no free lunch, or banana Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

49. Global Marketing Environments - Political International Law accepts the right of sovereign nations to - grant or withhold permission to do business - control where its citizens do business Thus, political environment of countries – host and foreign- are of vital importance to a Global Marketer National sovereignty becomes a matter of big debate - did we give too much away in a trade agreement - Greece was unhappy about the austerity measures imposed on it by the EU, and it felt like their sovereignty was under attack Sovereignty is an emotional issue, and can be fanned by political parties to suit their purpose. A company or brand can become a symbol, and get retaliated against Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

50. Global Marketing Environments - Political Stability of Government Policies Typically the G-7, G-20 type of countries adhere to more stable policies. Big structural changes are not so ad hoc LDC on the other hand may need to deal with many external factors and shocks, and hence can have knee jerk reactions. Including huge directional changes when opposition party wins an election. Or pre election pressure from self-interest groups. BIG issue for International Business Retrospective taxation in India, for example Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

51. Global Marketing Environments - Political What does an IM look for - Stability of Government Policies, more than looking for more favourable policies E-Commerce rules in India got changed once Walmart acquired Flipkart Changes in govt DO NOT automatically imply a shift in policies,rules Italy has had more than 50 post-war govts, but that does not change the level of political risk in Italy as seen by companies. Govts change, but business goes on as usual. Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

52. Global Marketing Environments - Political Task for an International Marketer To make her/himself conversant with philosophies of major political parties within a market Since, any one of them could become dominant/ruling With attendant changes in prevailing attitudes, overall business climate 1977 – remember, post Emergency Janata Party. What did they do when they came to power? In a 2-party US, a good trade deal by a Republican Prez may get stymied by a Democratic Congress, or vice versa Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

53. Global Marketing Environments - Political Nationalism can take various forms : rice imports into Japan A sense of pride can easily turn into jingoism Antagonism against ALL foreign countries versus a specific country (Cars in USA- Japanese vs Germans / Maldives – India vs China) USA – MAGA India – Make in India Fear of Sovereign Funds buying into your companies, and hence restrictions. Economic colonization. Fear of technology theft and spying: Huawei. Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

54. Global Marketing Environments - Political Politics, more than direct trade, may be required to settle various trade issues / disputes Undervalued Chinese currency Ban on US beef imports into Japan Chinese subsidies to state run companies Farm subsidies in developed world Airbus – Boeing squabble on subsidies Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

55. Global Marketing Environments - Political Political risks could be as extreme as Confiscation /Expropriation, and Domestication/Nationalization Exchange Controls Local content laws Import restrictions Tax controls Price controls – Medical products, Stents, knee replacements Activism: Ban on Nestle for sale of baby formula /CSE against pesticides and water usage by aerated beverages Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

56. Global Marketing Environments - Political How do you mitigate political risk JVs Expand the investor base License technology / Franchise Planned increase of local content Political Bargaining Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

57. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory We will now navigate our way and see how an International Marketer is impacted by Culture Business Ethics Political, Legal, Regulatory environments Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

58. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory Legal systems across different countries are disparate & complex Due process of law varies considerably : Common Law vs Code Law Common law – derived from English Law. Runs in UK,US, Canada Code law- derived from Roman Law. Runs in Germany, Japan, France One good example that illustrates the huge difference IPR Under common law, ownership is established by use Under code law, ownership is determined by registration Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

59. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory Performance of Contract : Important for a Marketerer Force majeure under act of God Common law allows only for acts of nature to be causes that can excuse the non compliance of a contract Code law allows for it to extend to unforeseeable human acts that could include labour strikes and riots Thus, one of the key issues for International Businesses to factor in is Jurisdiction – which legal system will apply Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

60. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory International Dispute Resolution Initernational legal costs can be humongous, so it is recommended that parties talk amongst themselves and find a solution. IF NOT, Conciliation Arbitration Litigation Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

61. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory IPR – Patents and Trademarks need to be registered in each market Piracy and Counterfeit is a big problem for Brands which generate large profits on account of power of their Brands, and not so much because of COGS Gucci bags, Burberry Coats, LV, RayBan sunglasses, Rolex watches, Titleist golf balls, Callway , Taylormade golf clubs, Software, Pharmaceutical et al Problems for IMs– Lost Revenue+ Brand dilution+ Harmful to health Companies maintain flying squads that work with Police, Govt of places which are centres for counterfeit. Running on a treadmill! Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

62. Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

63. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory Most countries have laws that directly impinge on or regulate marketing activities Communication / advertising – backing up of claims Advertising aimed at Children – Sweden put a complete ban in 1991. Few other countries have restrictions. Channels of distribution eg Multi brand retail, Location of liquor stores Pricing : MRP Labelling Promotions : France doesn’t allow sales except twice a year. Free is not allowed in Finland Tax treatment of discounts : GST? Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

64. Global Marketing Environments – Legal/Regulatory Cyberlaw: whole host of unresolved issues Internet is a global enterprise with no national boundaries Existing laws were not framed to deal with this thing which has now become an integral part of our lives Online gambling * Protection of domain names Cybersquatters CSQs * Piracy Taxes – who pays where . Sabre in India Censorship , Rumour -mongering / Fake news Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

65. Moving on, what will we be doing tomorrow Global Value Chain Systems, And then move to – Global Product & Brand Strategy Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

66. Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

67. Adidas loses 3-stripes trade mark battle in Europe This is not the first time that the German company has had to address challenges with regards to its logo. Sportswear giant Adidas lost another battle over its 3-stripe branding on clothing, footwear and headgear What should the CMO of Adidas do and why? Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

68. Adidas loses 3-stripes trade mark battle in Europe What should Adidas’s CMO do and why? No more than 3 single sided pages No more than 6 exhibits, if any Submission Deadline : June 23, 1100 hours (Either soft copy or hard copy will do) Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

69. OYO commits $300 million investment in the US for growth  OYO Hotels & Homes has committed to invest $300 million (about Rs 2,087 crore) over the next few years in the United States, the SoftBank-backed hospitality chain announced ion Wednesday, signalling its intent to expand its presence in the world’s largest consumer market.  This will also be one of the largest investment commitments to a particular geography by the six-year-old company, which has stated that it will invest $600 million in China, and an additional $200 million in India. On Wednesday, the Ritesh Agarwal-led company announced that it currently operates over 50 properties in 35 cities, spread across 10 states in the US, a list that includes, Dallas, Houston, Augusta, Atlanta and Miami.  Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

70. OYO commits $300 million investment in the US for growth  What should Oyo’s International Marketing Strategy be? No more than 3 single sided pages No more than 6 exhibits, if any Submission Deadline : (Either soft copy or hard copy will do) Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

71. Services Marketing Managing Service Quality Empowering front line staff with training You own a complain until resolution Realise that SQ is harder to define and judge than product quality Recovery processes in case of problems Managing Differentiation Could be through the offering itself, or The service delivery framework eg Self check in Tangibilize the product Akshay Kumar - [email protected]

72. Project Groups Akshay Kumar - [email protected] Group 1 akshita jain kumar gaurav agme dipak kamalendu pangtey ragi sandeep raju anubhuti mohona bairagi shubhangi bhargava Group 2 deepika gulati prashanth bera ansumant tiwari malhar ganti roshan kumar sahoo arun sharma oorja agrawal soumya lokhande Group 3 g.sandeep rudrashukla D kumar anugya dhyani patel pankaj shahnawaz mewati chirag asija dilip patil subash panna

73. Project Groups Akshay Kumar - [email protected] Group 4 Hemant S hobhna D hianeswaran N Robin kujur Shashwat jain G absi meghana Ridam pal singh Sylvester tirkey Group 5 Janani M Soumadeep biswas Gupta rajeshkumar Priya Stuti jain Himanshu Dandekar Sarthak Anupam Rupam karn