INTERNET-BASICS hahahhsiajzjwbsjakjssj.pptx

PPT for internet

1. INTERNET BASICS Prepared by: Kyla Ensoya Sunshine Belaje

2. INTERNET BASICS Prepared by: Kyla Ensoya Sunshine Belaje

3. INTERNET BASICS Subtopics to tackle: Evolution of Internet Introduction to Computer Networks Types of Network s How the Internet Works: Behind the scenes Understanding Network Devices Types of Network Connections Wireless vs. Wired Networks

4. How has the Internet evolved  In 1960’s , there was already a talk of computer networks that would allow general communication between users users of various computers. However, it is not until 1982 that the Internet is considered to be the year in which it was “ born ”. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

5. 1958 Founding of ARPA In this year, the Advanced Research Project Agency Network was founded.  This organization was made up of some 200 scientists and its aim was to create direct communication between computers. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

6. 1967 ARPANET was born This year saw the first connection between computers at Stanfod and UCLA. ARPANET was a computer network that brought together the best ideas from teams at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the National Physics Laboratory (NPL)  and the Rand Corporation (RC). This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

7. 1980 HTML Language, URL and HTTP Tim Berners-Lee  joined the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) that year as a software engineer. In1989, he presented a solution to the problem of data loss thanks to a distributed hypertext system. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

8. 1980 HTML Language, URL and HTTP Tim Berners-Lee  joined the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN) that year as a software engineer. In1989, he presented a solution to the problem of data loss thanks to a distributed hypertext system. By 1990, Berners-Lee had developed three technologies: HTML, URL's and the hypertext transfer protocol HTTP .  This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

9. 1982 First Virus Although there were earlier virus cases, the virus created by Rich Skrenta is considered the first. The 15-year-old student programmed the so-called Elk Cloner for the Apple II, the first computer virus to have a real spread.   Today, Rich is a Silicon Valley entrepreneur who created the web search engine Blekko .  This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

10. 1994 The first Search Engine and Online Shop The first full-text search engine is the WebCrawler. Unlike its predecessors, it allowed users to perform a keyword search on any website. In addition, Yahoo!, Excite, Infoseek , Inktomi , Northern Light and Altavista also launched that year.  Although the first online sales are said to have taken place in the Net Market service, in reality, it was not until 1994 that the first online shops, including Amazon and eBay, were launched. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

11. 1996 Google Larry Page and Sergey Brin launched today's quintessential search engine: Google. The initial project was called BackRub , as that was the name of the technology they used.  Google based the operation of its search engine on the relevance of the contents of each web page for the users themselves. In other words, it prioritised those results that users considered most relevant to a specific topic. To do so, it patented its famous PageRank, a series of algorithms that assess the relevance of a website by assigning it a score from 0 to10 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

12. 2004 Social Networks The 21st century began with the creation of Wikipedia, Safari, MySpace , LinkedIn, Skype and WordPress. However , it was not until2004 that Facebook, Vimeo, Flickr and Gmail appeared.  2005 - Youtube 2006 - Twitter 2008 - Google Chrome 2010 - Instagram and Pinterest 2011 - Snapchat 2016 - Tiktok   This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

13. PRESENT In the present day, the internet is a ubiquitous tool used by people globally for communication, information access, entertainment, online shopping, banking, learning, and conducting business, essentially acting as a vital part of a daily life This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

14. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORK

15. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORK What is a Computer Network? The concepts of computer network might seem complex, but in reality, its fundamentally quite straightforward. A computer network is just a group of computers and devices linked together is a way that allows them to communicate and share resources with each other.  For example:

16. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORK But why does it matter?

17. HOW COMPUTER NETWORK WORKS? 1. Establishing the network: To start, device need to be connected--forming a network. This can be done physically through cables (like Ethernet), or wirelessly (via Wi-Fi)

18. HOW COMPUTER NETWORK WORKS? 2. Communication Protocols: Now that our network is established, devices need to ‘speak the same language’ to communicate effectively. Some widely organized ones include HTTP(for web traffic), FTP(for file transfer). And the foundational protocol that governs Internet traffic– TCP/IP. 

19. HOW COMPUTER NETWORK WORKS? 3. Data Transmission: Now that communication is up and running, it's time for our devices to send and receive data. This data is broken down into small chunks or ‘packets’ to be sent across the network to the receiving device. 

20. HOW COMPUTER NETWORK WORKS? 4. Routing: A packet doesn't necessarily travel straight from the source to the destination. It journeys across the network, guided by various devices (like routers and switches) to reach its final destination.

21. HOW COMPUTER NETWORK WORKS? 5. Data Receipt and Confirmation: Upon reaching the destination, the receiving device sends a confirmation back to the sender. If the sender doesn't receive this confirmation indicating that something went awry with the transmission, it will attempt to resend the data. 

22. HOW COMPUTER NETWORK WORKS? 5. Data Receipt and Confirmation: Upon reaching the destination, the receiving device sends a confirmation back to the sender. If the sender doesn't receive this confirmation indicating that something went awry with the transmission, it will attempt to resend the data. 

23. TYPES OF NETWORK There are many different types of networks available. Internet is not the only network means the internet is also a network but there are many different ways we can create a network. If we connect two computers, this is also a network or if we use Bluetooth for file sharing, this is also a network.    Networks can be differentiated by their size, structure, distance, and purpose. 

24. TYPES OF NETWORK

25. The smallest network which is very personal to a user This network normally ranges around10 meters Personal area network may include Bluetooth enable devices or infrared enable devices. So when we connect two devices using bluetooth for data transfer then we create a network on our personal space All the Bluetooth Devices Like keyboard, mouse, Bluetooth-enabled headphone, speakers, etc all are examples of PAN Infrared enable devices like TV remote, cordless keyboard/mouse, infrared touch screen are also part of the personal are network.  TYPES OF NETWORK PAN (Personal Area Network) 

26. Used in local areas means it is a small network that covers small areas like an office, school, college, building, etc.   Computers, printers, servers and other network devices can be connected Is a privately owned network which means anyone can create this network easily we just need some cables like Ethernet Cables or central devices like a hub or switch Is the most secured network because there is no outside connection so the data which is shares on the LAN is safe and can't be accessed outside Are small-size networks so they are  considerably faster, data transfer speed can reach up to1000 Mbps TYPES OF NETWORK LAN (Local Area Network) 

27. A computer network that spans a metropolitan area, connecting multiple LAN Covers a larger geographical area compared to Local Area Networks Used to connect devices in a city or metropolitan area, often for the purpose of providing internet access or sharing resources among businesses and organizations In other words, when two or more LANs connected for the purpose of communication then it becomes MAN Mostly uses fiber optic cables to this network's data delivery rate is faster and more efficient. These networks are typically owner and operated by a single organization or consortium of organizations TYPES OF NETWORK MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 

28. TYPES OF NETWORK WAN (Wide Area Network)  This network is used in a large geographical areas like in the whole country or continent and uses common carriers like - satellite systems,  telephone lines, etc. When LANs and MANs are connected to each other, then it becomes WAN because now the area of the networks is too wide The speed of the WAN data transfer is lower than comparison to LAN and MAN due to the large distance covered

29. TYPES OF NETWORK

30. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE

31. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE There are various concepts that are fundamental to the way the Internet works:  IP Address: stands for “Internet Protocol”, which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network. It functions like a postal address, ensuring that data sent over the internet reaches the right destination. Each device connected to the internet has its distinct IP address.  Data Packets: are small units of information that are sent over networks, like the internet, to allow communication between devices. When data, like an email, a web page, or a video, is sent or received online, it is divided into manageable segments known as packets. Each packet contains data and metadata, including information such as its source, destination (IP Address), and the sequence in which it should be reassembled. 

32. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE There are various concepts that are fundamental to the way the Internet works:  Domain Name System (DNS): DNS is like a Internet's phonebook. It translates user-friendly domain names like www.example.com into IP addresses that devices use to identify each other on the network. Without DNS, you need to remember complex numerical IP addresses to access your favorite website.  Internet Service Provider:  is a company that gives people and businesses access to the internet. ISPs use telecommunication lines and equipment to provide internet access to a specific area. They are responsible for transmitting your data to and from your device to the broader internet, managing through various routing methods

33. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE There are various concepts that are fundamental to the way the Internet works:  Internet Communication Protocols Protocols are like the rules of the path for the internet. They guide how data should be sent, received, and interpreted. Two of the main protocols are IP and TCP. IP (Internet Protocol): IP is like the addressing system that determines how to get data packets from the starting point to the destination. Every device that is connected to the internet has a distinct and unique IP Address.  Note: IP and IP address and not like one another. IP stands for Internet Protocol and refers to the set of rules that govern how data is sent across the internet, while an IP address is the unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to the internet.  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): TCP is like a promise that your data packets will reach their destination in the correct order and without missing any pieces. If something goes wrong, TCP ensures the data is resent. 

34. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE There are various concepts that are fundamental to the way the Internet works:  Internet Communication Protocols Protocols are like the rules of the path for the internet. They guide how data should be sent, received, and interpreted. Two of the main protocols are IP and TCP. IP (Internet Protocol): IP is like the addressing system that determines how to get data packets from the starting point to the destination. Every device that is connected to the internet has a distinct and unique IP Address.  Note: IP and IP address and not like one another. IP stands for Internet Protocol and refers to the set of rules that govern how data is sent across the internet, while an IP address is the unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to the internet.  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): TCP is like a promise that your data packets will reach their destination in the correct order and without missing any pieces. If something goes wrong, TCP ensures the data is resent. 

35. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE There are various concepts that are fundamental to the way the Internet works:  Network Protocols HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application layer protocol that enables communication between web browsers and web servers. When a user wants to load a web page, their browser sends an HTTP request to the server hosting the website. The server processes the request and sends back an HTTP response, making the web page accessible to the user   However, HTTP does not encrypt the data being transferred. This means that any information sent over HTTP, such as usernames, passwords, or credit card details, can be intercepted and read by anyone monitoring the connection . This lack of encryption poses serious security risks, especially when handling sensitive information.

36. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE There are various concepts that are fundamental to the way the Internet works:  Network Protocols HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is an extension of HTTP that adds a layer of security by using SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security) to encrypt the data being transferred. This encryption ensures that the data cannot be read or tampered with by unauthorized parties . HTTPS is essential for protecting sensitive information and is widely used for online banking, e-commerce, and other secure transactions

37. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS: BEHIND THE SCENE https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv%3DSfzo4xm5eX8&ved=2ahUKEwjesobRs9mLAxXLfPUHHSRkCLsQo7QBegQIFhAE&usg=AOvVaw3nol9CirSR2jHSzbtM7CFV  

38. UNDERSTANDING NETWORK DEVICES What are Network Devices?  Network Devices are physical devices that allow hardware on a computer network to communicate and interact with each other

39. Functions: Network devices help to send and receive data between different devices Network devices allow devices to connect to the network efficiently and securely Network devices improves network speed and manage data flow better It protects the network by controlling access and preventing threats Expand the network range and solve signal problems

40. Common Types Routers Switches Hub 

41. Common Types and Their Uses What is Router?  Routers are the multiport devices and more sophisticated as compared to repeaters and bridges. It contains a routing table that enables it to make a decision about the route that is to determine which if several possible paths between the source and destination is the best for a particular transmission.  It works on the network layer 3 and used in LAN's, MAN's and WAN's. It stores IP address and maintains address on its own. 

42. Common Types and Their Uses What is Switch? Switch is a point-to-point communication device. It operates at the data link layer of OSI model. It uses switching table to find out the correct destination. Basically, it is a kind of bridge that provides better connections. It is a kind of device that set up and stop the connections according to the requirements needed at that time.

43. Common Types and Their Uses What is Hub?  A Hub is just a connector that connects the wires coming from different sides. There is no signal processing or regeneration. It is an electronic device that operates only on physical layers of the OSI model.  Note: The OSI model is like a guide that helps us understand how computers communicate over a network. It has seven layers, and each layer has it's own special job. 

44. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION

45. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION What is a Wired Network ? In the world of networking, "Wired" refers to any physical medium connected via wires and cables. The cables or wires can be fiber optic, copper wire, or twisted pair. Additionally, they offer high security and generous bandwidth allocations for each user. Therefore, it is a suitable option for a specific section of users.  Contrary to wireless connectivity, wired connectivity is quite reliable and has very little delay. This is a key difference between wired and wireless connections.  

46. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION   What is a Wireless Network ? The term "wireless" refers to the transmission of electromagnetic or infrared waves across the air. Additionally, there are antennas to communicate. Users' freedom of movement and ease of deployment are two main advantages of wireless networking. Thus, wireless is a better choice in locations where you cannot deploy wires. In the wired vs wireless network selection process, wireless also offers lower installation costs. However, it is less secure and has a larger latency than cable connectivity. However, users still like wireless communication.

47. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION Advantages of Wired Networks: Wired networks have an unmatched level of reliability when configured and used correctly. You may start using a dependable network as soon as the hubs, switches, and cables are put in place. In wired vs wireless network, wired networks offer significantly quicker speeds. Additionally, a wired network rarely experiences unexpected traffic. Thus, it is easy to maintain fast speeds at all times. This is because only a few users can connect to it at any given time.  A wired network is very well-protected from illegal and unwanted access. This is possible when the firewalls and other security programs are deployed on the network.

48. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION Disadvantages of Wired Networks: Clearly, wired networks are relatively limited in terms of mobility. Installation of the switches, routers, and hubs can be a time-consuming and difficult operation. This is because each device must connect directly to the network. Using a wired network would require managing many cables. It would not only be unattractive but also inconvenient.  

49. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION Advantages of Wireless Networks: When a wireless network is set up, all of your employees have access to it. Thus, they can access it from practically anywhere in the business. Compared to creating wired networks, setting up wireless networks often involves a lot less infrastructure. This is another key difference between a wired and wireless network. Overall, wireless networks require very little equipment to set up. Thus, you can set them much more quickly and simply.

50. TYPES OF NETWORK CONNECTION Disadvantages of Wireless Networks: Other wirelessly capable gadgets nearby have a larger potential for interfering with or blocking signals. This also makes up an important factor when choosing wired vs wireless network. In general, wireless networks lack the same level of security as wired networks. Wireless networks cannot match the speed of wired networks.