Internet tools and services

1. Concept of Internet

2. What is Internet? Internet is a worldwide collection of networks, gateways, servers and computers using a common set of telecommunications protocols to link them together .

3. What is Internet? Its best known feature is the World Wide Web – presents rich content that includes multimedia clip, and even live radio and video .

4. What is Internet? You view its content on web pages by using the web browser. Typically the top-level page of a website is called home page , from which each pages are branch off.

5. Internet Concepts Each web pages has a specific address known as URL ( U niform S ource L ocator).

6. URL It indicates a lot of things example: http://www.microsoft.com HTTP – tells the computer how to communicate with the internet computer www – indicates that the site is on the world wide web .com – suffix indicates the commercial site.

7. Internet Tools and Services

8. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Hypertext is structured text that uses logical links (hyperlinks) between nodes containing text. HTTP is the protocol to exchange or transfer hypertext .

9. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) It is set of rules in exchanging files on the world wide web. Relative to TCP/IP suite of protocols, HTTP is an application protocol.

10. How HTTP works? HTTP daemon – a program designed to wait for HTTP requests and handle them when they arrive. HTTP Client – Web browser that sending request by either opening or clicking hyperlink, the browser builds an HTTP request and sends IP address indicated in URL.

11. How does one find a website? URL is the full address used by the web browser to request information on the WWW. The format of URL begins with specific protocol , domain name , the path to the requested information and then the name of the file .

12. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) FTP or File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer data from one computer to another over the Internet, or through a network. Specifically, FTP is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or an intranet ). There are two computers involved in an FTP transfer: a server and a client . FTP server - running FTP server software, listens on the network for connection requests from other computers .

13. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Client C omputer - running FTP client software, initiates a connection to the server . Once connected, the client can do a number of file manipulation operations such as uploading files to the server, download files from the server, rename or delete files on the server and so on .

14. Difference of HTTP and FTP HTTP ( Hypertext  Transfer Protocol ) and FTP ( File Transfer Protocol ) are only two of the multitude of protocols that are being used in the internet, each with its own function. The purpose of HTTP is to serve as a means of accessing the world wide web .

15. Difference of HTTP and FTP Websites are accessed using http with the help of browsers . FTP, as the name implies, is used in transferring files from one computer to another . It is a less popular protocol due to small number of people who actually use FTP , and even fewer people who know that they are using it.

16. More about HTTP Most people don’t actually know it, but the HTTP protocol is in use every time we open a site, check our email, or update our blogs . This can be easily checked by looking at the  address bar and looking at the very first few letters ; chances are its HTTP.

17. More about FTP The great majority of people who use the FTP protocol are the people who maintain and routinely upload files to websites . FTP provides an easy and hassle free method of site maintenance .

18. Details about FTP FTP is also a good option for people who want to download files . There are FTP servers who  host files and allow people to anonymously login to their site and download huge files.

19. Difference of HTTP and FTP The rise in popularity of downloads in HTTP is due largely to its linkage with the world wide web . Most sites that offer content for downloads have their files hosted in an HTTP server so that visitors can easily browse and select their files.

20. E-mail Referred to as  email or e-mail  since  1993 ,  is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more  recipients . Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be  online  at the same time, in common with instant messaging.

21. E-mail An  Internet  email message [ consists of three components, the message  envelope , the message  header , and the message  body . The message header contains  control information, including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient addresses . Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject header field and a message submission date/time stamp.

22. Different types of E-mail Email Program Ex: [email protected] Web-based Email Ex: [email protected] [email protected] Free Dial-up Email Ex: [email protected]

23. Internet Relay Chat Internet Relay Chat  (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates transfer of messages in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server model of networking. IRC clients are  computer programs that a user can install on their system . These clients are able to communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients .  

24. Internet Relay Chat It is mainly designed for group communication in discussion forums, called  channels , but also allows  one-to-one communication via private message  as well as chat and data transfer, ] including  file sharing .

25. Example of Chat Software Messenger Yahoo Messenger ICQ AOL Messenger Windows Messenger b. Third Party downloadable software MIRC PITCH c. On-line chat website

26. Gopher The Gopher protocol  is a TCP/IP application layer protocol   designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents over the Internet . The Gopher protocol was strongly oriented towards a menu-document design and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages , but ultimately HTTP became the dominant protocol . The Gopher ecosystem is often regarded as the effective predecessor of the World Wide Web .

27. Gopher Provides a distributed delivery system around which a campus-wide information system can readily be constructed . It facilitates access to other gopher and information server through out the world.

28. WAIS Wide Area Information Services (WAIS) is a networked information retrieval system wherein client applications are able to retrieve text or multimedia documents stored on the servers . Client applications request documents using keyword . Servers- search a full text index for the documents containing the keyword.