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Living in the IT era

1. THE INTERNET & WORLD WIDE WEB

2. Learning Outcomes: Differentiate the internet and world wide web and its components Identify how internet and world wide web works. Identify the differences between the internet and world wide web Discover how does the internet and the world wide web works.

3. The Internet Internet is a global network that connects billions of computers across the world with each other and to the world wide web. It is believed that the internet was develop by “ Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ”( DARPA )department in the United States .And it was first connected in 1969.

4. Why is the internet called a network? Internet is called a network as it creates a network by connecting computers and servers across the world using routers , switches and telephone lines and other communication devices and channels The internet is owned by a single person or organization entirely. It is a concept based on physical infrastructure that connects network with other networks to create a global network of billion computers.

5. INTERNET The internet is a global network of interconnected computers and other devices that use a standardized set of communication protocols to exchange information and data. It is a vast and decentralized network that spans the

6. entire globe, allowing individuals, organizations, and governments to connect to each other and share resources, information, and services.

7. The internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of interaction though instant messaging, internet forms and social networking. Vinton Gray Cerf is an American developer the Father of the internet.

8. How does the internet works? The basic: The internet works with the help of clients and servers. A servers is a large computer that stores website. To access the internet we need a domain name

9. How does the internet works? Type of domain name DNS server will receive convert domain name into IP address Browser towards the request to the respective server Data starts flowing once established to the server

10. Advantages & Disadvantages of the Internet Advantages: It provides great Accessibility to information. It inculcates easy and faster communication. People would gain knowledge and obtain loads of information about services. It permits online payments and digital marketing. It is efficient for business & organizational growth. It leads to mass communication among people to spread awareness. It facilitates social networks to increase development and collaboration It provides more security in the banking sector and feasible solutions to issues. Disadvantages: Sometimes, the internet gives Complexity and False Information. Unavailability in bad weather. It leads to the insecurity of information and data loss. It has a bigger Workload and Complex Designing. It is very expensive when done at the organizational level. It produces more threats, cyber-attacks, harassment, and violations. Increase hate and fake information which can lead to mental health issues. Reliability and security are there, but as the internet is public and worldwide connected, there are chances that issues(viruses, threats) can occur.

11. What is world wide web? World wide web, which is also known as a “web ”, is a collection of website or web pages stored in web servers and connected to local computers through the internet. The building blocks of the Web are web pages which are formatted in HTML and connected by links called “ hypertext ” or hyperlinks and accessed by HTTP/HTTPS A web page is given an online address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A particular collection of web pages that belong to a specific URL is called website .

12. Difference between the internet and world wide web Internet The internet is a worldwide network of devices like computers , laptops , tablets , etc. World Wide Web The world wide web (WWW) is a network of online content that is formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP or HTTPS .

13. History of the World Wide Web The world wide web was invented by a British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. Originally, it was developed by him to fulfill the needs of automated information sharing between scientists across the world, so that they could easily share the data and results of their experiments and studies with each other.

14. How the invention started In March 1989 ,Tim Berners-Lee took the initiative towards the invention of WWW and wrote the first proposal for the World Wide Web In 1990 ,Tim Berners-Lee was able to run the first web server and browser at CERN to demonstrate his ideas. In 1991 Tim created the world’s first website and web server. Its address was ( info.cern.ch ), and it was running at CERN on the NexT computer

15. The Web Grows NeXT computer platform was accessible by few users. Later , the development of ’ line-mode ’ browsers , which could run on any system , started . In 1991, Berners-Lee introduce his WWW software with ‘ line-mode ’ browser , Web server software and a library for developers. In march 1991, it was available to colleagues who were using CERN computers. After a few months , in August 1991 , he introduce the WWW software on internet newsgroups , and it generated interest in the project across the world.

16. Becoming Global The first web server came online in December 1991 in the United States. The first web server , outside Europe , was introduced at Standard University in the United States in 1991 Later at the beginning of 1993, the National Center fir Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA) introduced the first version of its Mosaic browser In April 1993 , CERN made the source code of WWW available on a royalty-free basis and thus made it free software At the end of 1993 , there were more than 500 web servers , and the WWW has 1% of the total internet traffic. In May 1994 , the First International World Wide Web conference was held at CERN and was attended by around 400 users and developers and popular know as the “ Woodstock of the web “ At the end of this year (1994), the World Wide Web had around 10 000 servers and 10 million users. The technology was continuously improved to fulfill growing needs and security, and e-commerce tools were decided to be added soon.

17. How the World Wide Web Works? The web works as per the internet’s basic client-server format as shown in the image.

18. Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) HTML is a standard mark up language which is used for creating web pages. It describes the structure of web pages through HTML elements or tags .

19. Web browser A web browser , which is commonly known as a browser , is a program that display text , data , picture , videos , animation, and more

20. Hypertext Transfer Protocol {HTTP} Hyper Text Transfer Protocol {HTTP} is an application layer protocol which enables WWW to work smoothly and effectively.

21. Conclusion In conclusion, the Internet have reshaped the way we connect, share information, conduct business, and perceive the world. Their impact is profound and multifaceted, influencing nearly every aspect of modern life. As we move forward, it is essential to harness the positive aspects of these technologies while addressing the challenges to create a safe, inclusive, and innovative digital future for all.

22. REFERENCES: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Z-VVGWYVpQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FnrcSA64e4 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-internet

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