Internship - Lesson10 (high temperature, infections, mental diseases).pdf

Good

1. N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University
D.Sc. (medicine) Vladimir V. Baytyakov
Practical training in the practice of emergency
medical procedures
Lesson № 10
First aid for high temperature. First aid for suspected
infectious and mental diseases
Saransk 2024

2. Body temperature
•Bodytemperatureiscontrolledby
thehypothalamus.
•Thenormalbodytemperatureofan
adultis36.1–37.0°C.
•Thenormaltemperatureininfants
andyoungchildrenisabout36.4°C.
•Fever(hightemperature–37.8°Cor
more)isanaturalreactionofthe
bodytofightinfections.
•Hyperthermiaisanextremeincrease
inbodytemperature(above40°C).Photo from Internet sources

3. Thermometers
•Mercury ordigitalthermometersareusedto
measurebodytemperature.
•Youcanusespecialthermometerstomeasurethe
temperatureorally(inthemouth),theeardrum
(intheear),thearmpit(underthearm)orrectally
(below).
•Therearethermometerswithaskinsensorthat
measurethetemperaturebyscanningthe
forehead.
Photo from Internet sources

4. Fever symptoms
•Symptomsoffever:trembling
(chills),sweating,headache,
weakness,irritability,lossof
appetite.
•Feverwithatemperatureabove38.5
°Ccanleadtodehydrationandcause
seizuresorconvulsionsinchildren.
•Thisisoftenaccompaniedby
confusion,dizziness,difficulty
breathing,musclestiffnessand
severechills.
Scheme from Internet sources

5. Causes of fever
•Fevercanbeasignofmanydiseases
thatrequiretreatment,oritcanbea
symptomofanorganism'sreaction
thatdoesnotrequiretreatment.The
mostcommoncausesoffeverare
infectionsandgastrointestinal
diseases(gastroenteritis).
•Othercausesoffever:
–infectionsoftheear,lungs,skin,
throat,bladder,kidneys;
–COVID-19;
–sunburn;
Scheme from Internet sources

6. Causes of fever –autoimmunediseases(rheumatoid
arthritis,lupuserythematosus);
–cancer;
–temperatureriseforthe
administrationofmedicines,vaccines,
serums;
–possibleriseinbodytemperaturefor
takingcertaindrugs(amphetamines
andcocaine);
–subfebriletemperatureispossiblein
infantswithteething.
Scheme from Internet sources

7. Helping a child with
a fever
•Childrenwithhighbodytemperaturemay
notlooksick.Treatmentoffeverdepends
onthedegreeofdiscomfortofthechild.
•Ifthechildfeelsuncomfortableor
restless,itisnecessarybeforethedoctor
arrivesathome:
–convincethechildtodrinkmorefluids;
–dressthechildinlightclothes;
–usealightblanketifthechildfeelschills;
–donotgiveacetylsalicylicacidtochildren
orteenagers;
–ifthechildis6monthsorolder,youcan
giveacetaminophen(paracetamol)or
ibuprofenaccordingtotheinstructions
accordingtoage.
Photo from Internet sources

8. A child should seek medical
help in the following cases:
–achildislessthan3monthsoldand
hasahighfever;
–achildofanyageshowsfussinessor
abnormalbehaviorthatdoesnot
improveevenaftertakingmedications
tolowerthetemperature;
–thepresenceofsignsandsymptomsof
dehydration(absenceofwetdiapers
for8-10hours,cryingwithouttears,
drymouthorrefusaltodrinkany
liquids);
Scheme from Internet sources

9. A child should seek medical
help in the following cases:
–abdominalpain;
–breathingproblems;
–theappearanceofarashon
theskin,painorswellingin
thejoints;
–ifthefeverlastsmorethan
fivedays.
Scheme from Internet sources

10. Baby Fever -First Aid Training

11. First aid for seizures in babies and children

12. Helping an adult with a fever
•Itisnecessarytodrinkalotof
fluidstoavoiddehydrationof
thebody,dressinlightclothes,
usealightblanketuntilthe
chillspass.
•Youcantakeacetaminophen
(paracetamol)oribuprofen.
Photo from Internet sources

13. Helping an adult
with a fever
•Youshouldseekmedicalhelpifyou
havethefollowingsignsand
symptoms:
–difficultybreathing;
–chestpain;
–severeheadache;
–confusionorexcitement;
–abdominalpain;
–repeatedvomiting;
–drymouth,decreasedordarkened
urine,orrefusaltodrinkfluids,
whichmayindicatedehydration;
–skinrashes;
–difficultyswallowingliquids;
–painwhenurinating.
Scheme from Internet sources

14. Fever in adults –causes, diagnosis, prevention, treatment

15. First aid in case of
suspected infection
•Commontypesofinfections:
hepatitis,meningitis,HIV
infection,measles,mumps,
chickenpox.
•Waysoftransmissionofinfection
–bytransfusionofbloodandits
components,throughbodyfluids
–saliva,vomitandfeces,pusfrom
infectedwounds,vaginaland
seminalsecretions,sneezing,
throughneedlesforinjection
(sharingneedles)orinjectionwith
aninfectedneedle,whenusing
someoneelse'stoothbrushesand
spoons.
Scheme from Internet sources

16. First aid in case of
suspected infection
•Beforeprovidingfirstaid,itis
necessary:
–washyourhands;
–wearlatex,vinylordisposablegloves
(ifpossible,weartwopairsof
gloves);
–putonaplasticapron;
–wearsafetyglassestoprotectyour
eyes;
–putonaresuscitationmask,ifany.
Photo from Internet sources

17. First aid in case of
suspected infection
•Duringfirstaid:
−donottakeoffgloves;
−usecleanbandagesand
dressings;
−itisnecessarytocleanall
woundsfromcontamination;
−incaseofanaccidentalcut,itis
necessarytoimmediatelyrinse
thewoundwithrunningwater
andconsultadoctor.
Picture from Internet sources

18. Infection control precautions

19. Personal protective equipment (PPE) training

20. First aid for mental illness
•Mentalhealthfirstaidisthehelp
youprovidetoapersonwhois
developingmental health
problems,experiencingan
exacerbationofamentalhealth
problem,orisinamentalhealth
crisis.
•Youcanprovidethisfirstaiduntil
thepersonreceivesappropriate
professionaltreatmentorthecrisis
isresolved.
Picture from Internet sources

21. First aid for mental illness
•Mentalhealthfirstaidcan
helppeopleexperiencing:
–depression;
–alarm;
–withpsychoses;
–withproblemswiththeuse
ofpsychoactivesubstances;
–foreatingdisorders;
–forproblemswithgambling.
Scheme from Internet sources

22. First aid for mental illness
•Suchassistancecanbeprovided
ifapersonisexperiencinga
mentalhealthcrisis,suchas:
–suicidalthoughtsandbehavior;
–non-suicidalself-harm(some-
timescalledintentionalself-
harm);
–panicattacks;
–traumaticevents;
–severepsychoticconditions;
–severeconsequencesofalcohol
orotherdruguse;
–aggressivebehavior.
Scheme from Internet sources

23. Signs of mental
health problems
•Somesymptomsthatmay
indicateaseriousproblem
include:
–strangeorunusualthinking;
–hallucinations,suchashearingor
seeingthingsthatarenotthere;
–extrememoodchanges;
–restless,agitatedanddisorga-
nizedbehavior;
–noticeabledecreaseinactivity;
–difficultieswithconcentrationof
attention;
–significantdecreaseinproduc-
tivityatworkoratschool;Scheme from Internet sources

24. Signs of mental health problems
–significantdistancefromfriendsandfamily;
–neglectofself-care(forexample,neglectof
one'sownappearanceandhygiene,aswell
asimpropernutrition);
–suicidalthoughtsorbehaviorsthatarenot
suicidalself-harm(intentionalself-harm);
–destructiveorhigh-riskbehavior;
–confusionanddisorientation;
–emotionaloutbursts;
Photo from Internet sources

25. Signs of mental health problems
–sleepproblems;
–changeinweightorappetite;
–excessiveisolation;
–problemswiththeuseof
psychoactivesubstances;
–feelingsofguiltorworthlessness;
–changesinbehaviororfeelings
thatlastmorethantwoweeks.
Photo from Internet sources

26. Steps to help with
mental disorders
•Itisnecessarytogivethispersonthe
opportunitytotalktoyou.Ifhedoes
notopenhimselftoyou,andyouare
worriedabouthim,startthe
conversationyourself.Beopenand
honestaboutyourconcernsabout
hismentalhealth.
•Speakfromyourownpointofview.
Use“I”statements,suchas“I
noticed...”and“Ifeelanxious
about...”,insteadof“you”
statements,suchas“Youseemtobe
withdrawn...”or“Youdon'teator
sleep...”Photo from Internet sources

27. Steps to help with mental disorders
•Saythatyouareworriedandyouare
heretohelp.
•Respecttheperson'sown
interpretationoftheirsymptoms.
•Ifapersondoesn'twanttotalktoyou,
invitethemtotalktosomeoneelse
theytrust.
Scheme from Internet sources

28. Be supportive
•Usephrasesthatwillhelpaperson
feelthattheyhavebeenlistened
to,understoodandgivenhope.
Herearesomeexamples:“I'm
hereforyou”,“Iseethatthisisa
reallydifficulttimeforyou”and
“HowcanIhelp?Justtellme
how”.
•Showdignityandrespecttothe
person.
•Don'tblamehim.
Scheme from Internet sources

29. First aid in the field of mental
health for a person prone to suicide
•Suicidecanbeprevented.
•Alwaystakesuicidalthoughts
andbehaviorseriously.
•Followthesethreestepswhile
helpingasuicidalperson:
–ifyouthinksomeonemightbe
suicidal,askthemdirectly;
–ifhesaysyes,don'tleavehim
alone;
–connectthepersonwith
professionalmedicalcare.
Scheme from Internet sources

30. 5 Steps from the mental health first aid kit

31. Thanks for your attention!
31
[email protected]