Interoperability academy 2024 - Day 1 - Digital Governance in Public Sector_Joep_Crompvoets.pdf

Presentation given at the Cross-regional exchange and learning week on Interoperability and Digital Transformation in the Western Balkans and Eastern Partnership region that took place 24-28 June 2024 in Brussels.

1. Digital Public Governance
withinteroperabilityfocus
Prof. dr. ir. Joep Crompvoets

2. 2
Outline
•Digital transformation
•Governance for digital transformation
•Governance of digital transformation
•Focus of data governance
•Conclusions

3. 3
•Digital transformation: “The cultural, organizational,
and relational changes in order to differentiate better
between different forms of outcomes.”
Digital Transformation
(Mergelet al., 2019)

4. Digital Transformation in the public sector
–Principles (OECD)
•Data-driven or data-informed decision-making –building
consensus based on evidence
•Openness – enabling transparency and access of information,
sometimes by default
•Iterative –incorporating more agile working methods and rapid
feedback cycles
•User-focused –starting with user needs and testing early and
often
•Interoperability–maintaining an ability to share data and
functions across systems
•Privacy and security – preventing unauthorisedaccess to
systems and data
•https://www.oecd.org/governance/digital-
government/toolkit/12principles/
4

5. Data-drivenpublic administrations

6. European Digital Future

7. 7
Governance of Digital transformation

8. Dashboard for Governance of Digital
transformation
Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT)

9. 1. Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

10. •Contact
•Personal, Company, and Government authority
•Financial, Geographic, Health, …
Examples: Name and Addresses, Licenses, Parcel
Types of Information

11. 1. Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

12. Information
Processes
Processstep
Organisation
A
B
C
F
E
D
H
G
I
Processstep
Organisation
A
B
C
F
E
D
H
G
I

13. Project funded by the
European Commission
EUROSION

14. Objective
“ToprovidetheEuropean Commission witha
package of recommendationson policy and
management measurestoaddresscoastal
erosionin theEU.
These recommendations shouldbebasedon a
thoroughassessment of thestate of coastline
andof theresponse options availableat eachlevel
of administration.”

15. Moderately vulnerable areas
Lowly vulnerable areas
Highly vulnerable areas (hotspot)
Assessment of European coastline
Example of Ajaccio Bay

16. From Data to Information
•
Analysis
Vulnerableareasand
Monitoring indicators
In termsof
Livesat risk
Economyat risk
Nature at risk
ElevationBathymetryAdministrative boundariesHydrographyInfrastructureErosion patterns (CCEr)Sediment discharges from riversHydrodynamics and sea level riseLand cover (LC) and LC changesLaws and decreesNationally designated areasSocialandeconomicalprofiles

17. A large variety of formats exist
Many geographical gaps still remain
Reference systems are not harmonized
Many data sources are not consistent
Scales are not compatible
All data are not interoperable
Costs and access restrictions
Information problems

18. Issue No. 1 -A large variety of formats
exists
Integration of various formats is time
consuminganduncertain
-Satelliteimages
-Maps
-Aerialphotographs
-Diagrams
-Statistics
-Reports
-Databases
-Etc.

19. Issue No. 2 –Many geographical gaps
still remain
Geologicaldata at scale 1:50,000
(source: BRGM, France)
Needtoidentifythegapsandmake
prioritiestobridge them

20. Reference system 1 : ETRS89
Issue No. 3 - Reference systems are not
harmonized
Needtodefinea
common terrestrial
referencesystem for
data productionand
processing
Reference system 2 : Clarke80

21. Issue No. 4 –Many data sources
-5 m
-5 m
-5 m
-10 m
-10 m
-15 m
-20 m
-25 m
-25 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
10 m
10 m
15 m
15 m
15 m
10 m
15 m
Sources 1:
Coastline : SABE (EuroGeographics)
Bathymetry: TCIFMS (SHOM)
Topography: BDTOPO (IGN)
Sources 2:
Coastline : SABE (EuroGeographics)
Bathymetry: GEBCO (BODC)
Topography: MONA PRO
Needtobuildpan-
european“seamless”
data withstandard
specifications

22. Issue No. 5 -Scales are not compatible
1:100,000 (source: SABE)
1:250,000 (source: WVS)
Needtoadopta common level of
perceptionandrepresentationof data

23. 0 m < Difference< 50 m
50 m < Difference< 200 m
Difference> 200 m
CORINE Land Cover 1990
SABE Coastline
Issue No. 6 – All the data are not interoperable

24. Issue No. 7 –Costs and access restrictions
•Most existing datasets are “copyrighted”: you
do not buy information itself, but a right to use
it (“license”)
•Dissemination of end-products is restricted
(sometimes, end-products have to be
“degraded”)
•Quality “label” are not commonly adopted :
uncertainty about the products

25. •
•EUROSION database = 2 Millions Euros
•26% acquisition of licensed data (e.g.
Elevation)
•17% update of existing data (e.g. Coastal
Erosion)
•33% production of missing data (e.g.
Hydrodynamics)
•24% Format conversion, integration, and
quality control
Issue No. 7 –Costs and access restrictions

26. Conclusions
The absence of data infrastructure (incl. interoperability rules) resulted in:
•Higher investment costs (2 to 3 times)
•Delayed implementation (8 to 10 months)
•Uncertain quality
•Dissemination constraints

27. 1. Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

28. European e-governmentpolicy initiatives
JunckerEuropeanCommission(2014-2019) vonder Leyen
2021
2030 Digital Compass
2022

29. European e-governmentlaws
2018: GDPR
2018: SDG2013: PSI
2019: OD & PSI
2020: DGA + DA
2024: AIA
2021: EU DigID
2021 2022
2023: IEA

30. I N S P I R E
INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe

31. Main objective INSPIRE
To deliver useful, standardised and high quality data in
order to formulate, implement, monitor and evaluate
European, National and Local Policy
Promoting sharing of spatial data and services between
public authorities for the performance of public
environmental tasks
Differences between Height
Reference Levels

32. INSPIRE
Directive entered into force in 2007
•Technical and governance framework
•Data: 90,000+ datasets documented through metadata
•Exposed through services, some are harmonised
Community
•7000+ data providers
•Close collaboration with open source communities, spatial data organisationsand
academia

33. INSPIRE–the limitations
•Provider/public sector centrism
•Hardcoding of technical aspects in legislation
•Overly complex specifications
•Strong influence of specific standards
•Parallel implementations
•No evidence of who is using what and why

34. INSPIRE-Vision
•Data sharing is not a goal in itself . INSPIRE should support data- driven
decision-making and innovation
•To be sustainable, INSPIRE should ‘blend in’ with the broader ecosystem of
spatial and non- spatial data, infrastructures, technologies and policies
•Opening up to a broader community of implementers and users and to a
wider range of applications and use cases
•Making the INSPIRE framework more flexible and agile will significantly
lower the entry level to the sharing and use of data
•Technicalapproaches need to be simplified by reusing well -adopted
standards and technologies

35. European Strategy for data (2020)
To speed up the development of the economy and to harness the value
of data for the benefit ofEuropean society, the EU Strategy for data
envisages the creation of Common European Data Spaces in strategic
economic sectors and domains of public interest.

36. European Strategy for data

37. Legal Framework
Data Governance Act –data spaces
•Build trust in data sharing.
•Data altruism, data intermediation.
•Data interoperability.
Digital Markets Act
•Data portability.
•Regulate practices of ‘gatekeepers’.
Open Data Directive
•Increase data availability and access.
•Reduce heterogeneity in licensing.
Data Act
•Increase data availability to foster innovation /Incentivize
data generation.
•Fair access to and use of data.
•Data sovereignty.

38. Data space
A distributed system defined by a governance framework that enables
secure and trustworthy data transactions betweenparticipants while
supporting trust anddata sovereignty. A data space is implemented by
one or moreinfrastructuresand enables one or more use cases.

39. Data Space
Source: European Data Spaces -
Scientific Insights into Data Sharing and
Utilisationat Scale,
JRC Publication2023

40. Common data spaces

41. Dataspaces, Control and Data Plane
41

42. EU initiatives on data spaces

43. Timing of data spaces
2024

44. 1. Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

45. I.Data + Metadata
II.(Web) Services + Applications
III.Standards/specifications
IV.Hardware
V.Software
VI.Platforms
VII.Infrastructures
Technologies

46. 1. Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

47. Governance structures
System of rules, practices by which an entity is directed and controlled
Organisation
Definition of how activities such as task allocation, coordination, and supervision are
directed towards the achievement of organisationalaims (organograms)
Decision making
Distribution of decision-making powers
Roles/Responsibilities
Leadership, management, coordination, scope
Communication channels
Reference to information flows within organisationand with other organisations(portals,
platforms, social media)
Structures

48. 1.Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

49. Technology adoption
Sharing of resources -> Education
Culture dimensions (Geert Hofstede)
•Power distance
•Individualism vs. collectivism
•Masculinity vs. femininity
•Uncertainty avoidance
•Long term vs. short term orientation
Ethics and Behaviour
Culture, Ethicsand Behaviour

50. Culture, Ethicsand Behaviour
Geert Hofstede dimensions

51. 1.Policy, Regulations, Framework
2. Processes 3. Structures
4. Culture, Ethics
and Behaviour
5. Information
6. Technology
(Services, standards,
Infrastructure)
7. People (Skills,
Competences)
Resources

52. People, Skills, Competences
Linked to people and Requirements for successful completion
of all activities and for making correct decisions and taking
corrective actions
Associated issues
•Education
•Training
•Knowledge transport
•Facilities
•Salaries
•HRM
•Project management

53. People, Skills, Competences

54. People, Skills, Competences

55. People, Skills, Competences

56. Conclusions
Governance of digital transformation - > Achieving Benefits/Values
- Policies/regulations, processes, structures, culture/ethics,
data/information, technology, People
Data governance -> Foundation for Digital transformation governance
Interoperability - > Foundation for all governance issues

57. Do you have any questions?