Interpretation of clinical laboratory test full.pptx

It's use for the clinical pharmacy

1. Everything diminishes when it is used,except knowledge By khuteja khanum

2. Interpretation of clinical laboratory tests By khuteja khanum

3. Clinical laboratory tests : results are a very important parameter in diagnosis monitoring and screening. 70-80 % of decisions in diagnosis are based on laboratory results and more and more laboratory analyses are requested. Thus a lot of data are provided and that is therefore imperative for patient care (and safety) that the clinicians are familiar with the tests and with interpretation of the results.

4.  Lab test results may be positive, negative, or inconclusive . Your doctor will discuss what your test results mean for you and your health . A positive test result means that the substance or condition being tested for was found. Positive test results also can mean that the amount of a substance being tested for is higher or lower than normal . A negative test results means that the substance or condition being tested for was not found. Negative results can also mean that the substance being tested for was present in a normal amount . Inconclusive test results are those that are not clearly positive. For example, some tests measure the level of antibodies to some bacteria or viruses in blood or other fluid to look for an infection . It is not always clear if the level of antibodies is high enough to indicate an infection.

5. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein found in the red blood cells that carries oxygen in your body and gives blood its red colour.

6. Hematological tests: Normal range - Male :13.2- 16.6g/deciliter Female :11.6- 15g/dl children: 11.2-14.5g/dl Significance : normal level is necessary for enough oxygen supply to tissues and transport of co2 to lungs Low level – anemia ,leukemia High level- polycythemia ( high con of RBCs)

7. Erythrocytosis or polycythemia

8. Low RBC, is anemia, which may b microcytic ( iron deficiency A),macrocytic (folic acid n vit B12 def … A)

9. RBCs Normal range – M – 4.5-5.5 million /mm3 F – 3.4- 5.5 C - 4.0 – 5.5 3) Hematocrit –(HCT) : example- 40% indicates that ,,out of 100 ml 40 ml of red bld cells are found NR – M= 40-50% F = 37- 47%

10. REASONS for high of all of three Dehydration lack of oxygen Kidney problems ( harmone - erythropeotoin ) which triggers none marrow to make or produce more RBCs now REASON for low RBCs Heavy blood loss Bone marrow failure( infecation , tumor) Cancer treatment Leukemia Heamatolysis

11. White blood cell or total leukocyte count This test is performed to check the conditions like infec …. , allergic react…,inflammation or blood cancer Normal ranges – Male : 4500 – 11000/ ml female - 5500- 11000/ml High level indicates infections like - appendicitis ,leukemia, pneumonia ,meningitis, allergic reactions ,inflammation blood , cancer these may b due to some reasons are certain drugs like antibiotics , smoking , removal of spleen, blood cancer , inflammation .

12. Different leukocyte count : ( Dlc ) Granulocytes - Neutrophils 60-70 % Eosinophil's 1-4% Basophiles 0-2% monocytes 5-10% Lymphocytes 20-30%

13. platelets

14. Thrombocytopenia is a condition that occurs when the platelet count in your blood is too low. Platelets are tiny blood cells that are made in the bone marrow from larger cells. When you are injured, platelets stick together to form a plug to seal your wound. This plug is called a blood clot.

15. test measures Factor V , a substance involved in clotting. An abnormally low level may be indicative of liver disease, primary fibrinolysis (a breakdown of clots), or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC ). Fibrinogen level : Fibrinogen is a protein made by your liver. This test measures how much fibrinogen is in your blood. Abnormal results may be a sign of excessive bleeding or hemorrhage, fibrinolysis, or placental abruption, which is a separation of the placenta from the uterine wall . Prothrombin time : ( PT or PT-INR) Prothrombin is another protein your liver produces. The prothrombin time (PT) test measures how well and how long it takes your blood to clot. It normally takes about 25 to 30 seconds. It may take longer if you take blood thinners. Other reasons for abnormal results include hemophilia, liver disease, and Malabsorption. It’s also useful in monitoring those who take medications that affect clotting, such as warfarin (Coumadin). Blood clotting test

16. Electrocardiogram. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart. The ECG reflects what's happening in different areas of the heart and helps identify any problems with the rhythm or rate of your heart. The ECG is painless and takes around 5-10 minutes to perform.

17. An echocardiogram, or "echo", is a scan used to look at the heart and nearby blood vessels. It's a type of ultrasound scan, which means a small probe is used to send out high-frequency sound waves that create echoes when they bounce off different parts of the body.

18. Liver function test

19. Kidney function test

20. Test fore diabetics

21. Laboratory test for lung infections