Intersubjectivity.pptx

Philosophy subject grade 12

1. INTERSUBJECTIVITY

2. - Intersubjectivity is a term used in philosophy, psychology, sociology, and anthropology to present the psychological relation between people. It is usually used in contrast to solipsistic individual experience, emphasizing our inherently social being. -Intersubjectivity is existing between conscious minds; Shared by more than one conscious mind.

3. THE HUMAN PERSON AND HIS INTERSUBJECTIVITY

4. Man as Being-in-the-World The human being is the DASIEN,which means "Being -there". Martin Heidegger further claims that Being-in-is " the Formal existential expression of the being dasien,which has being-in-the-World as its essential state."

5. The concept of facticity implies that an entity within-the-world has a being-in -the-world in such a way that it can understand itself as bound up in its "destiny"with the being of those entities which it encounters within its own world. -MARTIN HEIDEGGER,BEING AND TIME

6. Heidegger argues that a human person is not a spiritual thing misplaced into a space. Human reality's "being -in-the-world" is a definite way of "being-in"-----undertaking something, interrogating, something, producing, considering. All these way have concern.

7. MAN AS BEING-FOR-OTHERS Jean Paul Sartre, in his 1943 book, Being and Nothingness, explains that it is through the "other-as-a-look" that the "I" experiences the self or is revealed. Here, what is meant by the "other"is the other conscious for-itself who like the I or the Being, is a lack and appropriates one's possibilities.

8. The act of freedom is to transcend these many possibilities,but one recognizes the issue of bad faith where he or she refuses to choose or is therefore objectified by the "look of the other." This distinction between the I and the Other present a conflict.Thus ,any meaningful encounter with the other is always a conflict.

9. The I and the Other objectifies each other by the act of the "Look"because by doing so,the Other is alienated to transcend his or her possibilities.Sartre claims that when you look at a person,this act of objrctification allows you to capture that person's freedom to be what he or she wants to be.

10. This is evident when you stereotype or label a person based on his or her appearance or certain actions.Sartre argues that a human person has many possibilities,but when you label a person through a look,you take away that freedom to choose to become.

11. This concept of the lack of intersubjectivity (the human persons ability to empathize)due to conflict(I against the Other) might be argued through the concept of "We."Sartre recognized that the concept of conflict may be an incomplete characterization,hence he analyzed humanity's use of the term "We".

12. "We" resist, We advance to the attract, We condemn the guilty, We look at this or that spectacle. -Jean Paul Sartre,Being and Nothingness

13. This implies that there are aberrant consciousness of the We-----which,as such ,are nevertheless perfectly normal consciousness.It should be first given in some other way;that is either in the capacity of a transcendence-transcending or as a transcendence-Transcended. -- JEAN PAUL SARTR e, being and Nothingness

14. According to Sartre,the concepts of "Us" and "They" as two different forms of the experience of the "We".One is "being in the act of looking"and the other "being looked at incommon"(in the situation given,the latter could refer to the people involved in the collision)as foundations of being-with-others.

15. Dasein's being-in-the-world is characterized by care.This care is revealed in different Consern's. these concerns arise from the fact that Dasein finds himself in the world,understand the world,and expresses his understanding in discourse. Dasein's Being as Care

16. Being-in-the-world belongs essentially to Dasein and its being toward the world is concern. Concern means engaged--having to do with equipment---a way of being-In-the-world. Concern is disclosedness. Dasein's being-In is what Heidegger calls the "disclosedness of Dasein".Daseins engagement with things,discloses(reveals)the thing.For example ,to say that man lives in an environment,though ontically trivial (Ontical inquiries are concerned about the being of entities which are not Dasein),presents taht each time man engage himself with the environment.

17. The other basic mode of disclosedness is Verstehen (understanding).The hermeneutic tradition the term Verstehen is used to refer to a special mode of knowledge or cognition which is constrasted with Erklaren(explanation). - -Gorner,Heideggers Being and time

18. A human persons intersubjectivity may also be described from a historical perspective----Dasein is a product of history. Gorner points out,"Human being are historical being in the sense that each of us has a history.we belong to communities which themselves have a history." Man as a Historical Being

19. The Role of Dialogue in the Human Person's Intersubjectivity

20. ---Transcendental Phenomenology--- is the phenomenology of consciousness, and intentional analysis is constitutive analysis. Transcendental Phenomenology

21. Phenomenology literally means the "Study of Phenomena". It deals with the investigation of the structures of experience and consciousness.It is also a philosophical movement,thatintroduced through the works of Edmund Husserl. Husserl describe phenomenology as "The rigorous science of all conceivable transcendental phenomena." because it inevestigates show knowledge comes into being clarifies the assumption upond which all human understandings are grounded.

22. The lifeworld as the Natural Standpoint of Experience I am consious of a world endlessly spreed out in space,endlessly becoming and having endlessly become in time.I am conscious of it: that signifies,above all, that intuitively i find it immediately,that he experience It. --Endmund HUsserl

23. The natural attitudes or standpoint is prior to all thinking. The alteration of the natural standpoint or not remaining in the natural attitude by excluding---epoch ( epoche ) or refraining from judgment compatible with the conviction of evident truth. The "parenthesizing", or the phenomenological epoch, it completely shuts off a person from any judgment about spatio -temporal factual being.

24. In my walking consciousness I find myself in this manner at all times,and without ever being able to alter the fact,in relation to the world whic remains one and the same,though changing with respect to the composition of its contents.It is continually "on hand" for me and I my self am a member of it. - Husserl,ideas pertaining to a pure Phenomenology

25. Husserl's concept of natural attitude does not mean that something that you see is good or bad. He means is that the way you see things shows an ordinary or everyday way of being-in-the-world. The consciousness recognizes that "at hand " objects are physical which is also applicable to humans and animals.

26. Martin Buber is a 20th century philosopher,religious thinker,and political activist whose area of philosophical concern includes the"dialogic principle."In his work"Ich und Du"(I and Thou),. The I and Thou

27. “intersubjectivity” in which “I” and the “others” are seen more as complementary to each other rather than just simply a means to some selfish ends. Intersubjectivity is a kind of relationship which considered a subject-to-subject or person-to-person way of relating. Jurgen Habermas’ Theory of Communicatice Action will inform us the authentic form of communication which would be instrumental to the setting up of intersubjective relationship. MartinBuber’s I-Thou Relationship, on the other hand, explains the importance of encountering the other as “a person”, a “You” in contrast to an object in order to assure authentic relationship.

28. THANK YOU