Interview Method of Psychology

Interview Method of Psychology

1. Angel Sophia S V Department of Mathematics INTERVIEW METHOD OF PSYCHOLOGY

2. INTERVIEW METHOD . The word " interview " refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee

3. In their words…. P.V. Young:   Interview is a scientific method through which a person enters into the life of a stranger. Good & Hatt: Interview is a process of social interaction between interviewer and interviewee. Kerlinger: A face to face interpersonal situation in which one ask questions from the other to get answer about a social problem.

4. What is an interview method ? An interview is a method of conversation with a specified purpose. Psychologists uses interview method in order to gain information in an efficient and streamlined manner.

5. Interview method….. Oldest and most widely used method The conducting way depends on the objectives or goals in question. Investigate issues in an in depth way Discover how individuals think and feel about a topic and why they hold certain opinions.

6. Points should be noted while having an interview …. Researchers can ask different types of questions which in turn generate different types of data. Interviews will be recorded by the researcher and the data written up as a transcript (a written account of interview questions and answers) which can be analyzed at a later date. The interviewer must ensure to provide special care when interviewing vulnerable groups, such as the children. The language the interviewer uses should be appropriate.

7. The interviewer effect Because an interview is a social interaction the appearance or behavior of the interviewer may influence the answers of the respondent. The gender, ethnicity, body language, age, and social status of the interviewer can create an interviewer effect. For example : If a female interviewer interviews a male interviewee he will try to keep his impression good and this may leads to interviewer effect.

8. Merits of interview Useful to obtain detailed information about personal feelings, perceptions and opinions Usually achieve a high response rate Respondents' own words are recorded Interviewees are not influenced by others Enable teacher to tackle everyday classroom problems Superior data collecting device Creates friendly atmosphere.

9. Demerits of interview This method is very time-consuming for setting up, interviewing, transcribing, analyzing, feedback, reporting It can be costly Different interviewers may understand and transcribe interviews in different ways. Preplanning is important .i.e.)to know who you are going to interview, when and where. It is subjective and artificial Interpretation is difficult.

10. Types of interview Interview methods

11. TYPE I

12. Definition of structured interview A  structured interview  is a type of interview in which the interviewer asks a particular set of  predetermined questions . In structured interviews,  questions are planned  and created  in advance , which means that all candidates are asked the same questions in the same order. It uses highly systematized techniques of recording. It is a method of quantitative research used for the purpose of the survey.

13. Structured Interview …. Structured Interview is also known as, Formal interview Patterned interview. Planned interview. Standardized interviews

14. Steps of structured interview Develop and write down interview questions Develop and write down a scale that will be used to grade candidates answers. Print out your questions and bring them with you to the interview site. Take detailed notes of each candidate’s answers. Grade your candidate’s answers according to previously determined scale.

15. Structured interview questions Structured interview questions can be open-ended or closed-ended.  Closed-ended  questions ask respondents for specific pieces of information, and often require the respondent to choose from a list of given alternatives. E.g. : 'Are you currently taking any drugs ?‘ Here, the respondent can either answer by saying yes or no. Open-ended  questions are those that can be answered in many ways and allow the respondent to give elaborate, thoughtful answers. E.g. : ‘Tell about yourself’ Here, the respondent can answer thoughtfully.

16. Advantages of structured interview Since in structured interviews all the candidates are asked the same questions, it’s easy to compare their answers We can evaluate candidates in a most  objective  and  fair  way Structured interviews are more  legally defensible Can reach a large sample Can ensure questions are fully understood. There is a pre-developed system or guide to check the results. These are easy to replicate , as a fixed set of closed questions are used. It is easy to test for  reliability Can take place within a short amount of time . Allows generalization of results

17. Disadvantages of structured interview Structure interviews are not flexible. This means new questions cannot be asked during the interview The answers from structured interviews lack detail Restrictive questioning leads to restrictive answers Structured interviews are harder and more complicated to develop. Before giving questions we have to write them, test them and make sure interviewers stick to them. Interview questions may be leaking out The method seem a bit cold and impersonalized It is harder to provide an excellent candidate experience

18. TYPE II

19. Definition of semi-structured interview A  semi-structured interview  is a type of interview in which the interviewer asks  only a few predetermined questions while the rest of the questions are not planned in advance. In semi-structured interviews,  some questions are predetermined  and asked all candidates, while  others arise spontaneously  in a free-flowing conversation. Open –ended questions with answers solicited in writing- typically in the for of short essays Respondents are free to write as much as or as little as they choose It has a general set of questions but the interview flows like conversation and topics are covered as they come up.  

20. Semi-structured interview…. Semi-structured interviews are also known as: Moderately  structured interviews Hybrid  interviews Combined  interviews

21. Steps of Semi-structured interview Write down  most important questions  that you want to ask all the candidates. Develop a few  conversation starters  to explore specific interesting points from your candidate’s resume. Depending on your candidates' answers, ask  follow up questions  to gain a more in-depth understanding of their qualifications and motivation. Follow the natural flow of conversation and  feel free to explore    

22. Advantages of semi-structured interview It can secure  objective  comparison of candidates It provide a more  personalized  and spontaneous approach that allows exploration of interesting points in a specific candidate. Less prone to interviewer’s bias. More information can be explored. Needed data is collected. Interviewer and the interviewee create the interview together. Flexibility to follow up interviewee’s responses ad interests. Provide much more detailed information. Provide more relaxed atmosphere to collect data.

23. Disadvantages of semi-structured interview Spontaneous questioning makes answers difficult to evaluate The outcome largely depend on the skill of the interviewer The process is highly time consuming It is very expensive Sees to be un reliable Difficult to analyze the relevance of answers Some of the information may not be revealed Needs preparation Semi-structured interviews are less objective legally harder to defend.

24. TYPE III

25. Definition of unstructured interview An  unstructured interview  is a type of interview in which the interviewer asks  questions  which are  not prepared in advance . In unstructured interviews,  questions arise spontaneously  in a free-flowing conversation, which means that  different candidates  are asked  different questions . As the interview is unplanned, it has an informal approach where a friendly conversation takes place between the interviewer and interviewee. They will contain open-ended questions that can be asked in any order.

26. Unstructured interview…. Discovery interviews Guided conservation Informal interviews Casual interviews Free-flowing interviews

27. Steps of unstructured interview Keep in mind  interview’s purpose  and the general experiences and qualities you are looking to asses in candidates. The goal is to  gather and record important information about candidates.  Make sure you have a  focus Be  flexible  to proceed based on the candidate’s responses. Explore specific interesting points

28. Advantages of unstructured interview The main advantage of an unstructured interview is their personalized approach. They seem much more casual and help candidates relax and feel more comfortable during the interview. Observing direct behavior Allows control of extraneous variable Reliability of results by repetitive study Try to establish rapport ad trust Gently guide discussion towards goal Explorative and qualitative studies They have increased validity

29. Disadvantages of unstructured interview Time consuming Employing and training interviewers is expensive Control can effect behavior Not possible to know intentions behind the behavior Unable to produce data a whole Information cannot be compared Analysis will be difficult

30. Comparison Chart Structured interview Predetermined questions are prepared by the interviewer in advance. Quantitative Closed-ended questions To validate results, when the number of candidates is quite large. Research type is descriptive Unstructured interview The questions to be asked to the respondents are not set in advance. Qualitative Open-ended questions To probe personal details of the candidate, so as to judge if he is the right person for the job. Research type is exploratory

31. Comparison Chart Structured interview S ame set of questions are put to all the candidates Structured interviews are used by positivists In a structured interview, the characteristics evaluated are explicit Unstructured interview D ifferent questions are put to different candidates Unstructured interview is used by interpretivists I n an unstructured interview, the characteristics evaluated are implicit.

32. In brief….