INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION.pptx

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1. INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION ARPIT PARTIL​

2. Introduction Intramuscular injection is injected into large muscles. Intramuscular injection may be preferred because muscles have larger and more numerous  blood vessels  than subcutaneous tissue, leading to faster absorption than  subcutaneous  or  intradermal injections . A volume of 3-5 mL can be given at a time. Common sites for intramuscular injections include the deltoid muscle, ventrogluteal muscle, dorsogluteal muscle and vastus lateralis. 2 Presentation title 20XX

3. Indications Muscles have more blood supply so that rapid absorption can occur. More amount of drug can be given as compared to subcutaneous and intradermal routes. 3 Presentation title 20XX

4. Contraindications Avoid site with any lesion, lumps, or any surgery Avoid site over the bone Fractured area Burn area Chances of sciatic nerve injury Painful and sometimes it causes abcess people with  low platelet count  or clotting problems 4 Presentation title 20XX

5. Intramuscular injections commonly result in pain, redness, and swelling or  inflammation  around the injection site. These side effects are generally mild and last no more than a few days at most. Rarely,  nerves  or blood vessels around the injection site can be damaged, resulting in severe pain or  paralysis . If proper technique is not followed, intramuscular injections can result in localized infections such as  abscesses  and  gangrene . While historically aspiration, or pulling back on the syringe before injection, was recommended to prevent inadvertent administration into a vein. 5 Presentation title 20XX

6. As an injection necessitates piercing the skin, there is a risk of infection from  bacteria  or other organisms present in the environment or on the skin before the injection. This risk is minimized by using proper  aseptic technique  in preparing the injection and sanitizing the injection site before administration. There is also a risk of nerve or vascular injury if a nerve or blood vessel is inadvertently hit during injection. 6 Presentation title 20XX

7. Sites The site selection basically depends upon patient. The site should be free from necrosis or any the infection. There should be no bruising and abrasions age of the in the area. The volume of injection also depends upon the site of administration and age of the patient. Intramuscular injections should not be used in people with  myopathies  or those with trouble clotting. The following sites are most commonly used for IM injection → 7 Presentation title 20XX

8. Deltoid Muscle This site is the most accessible site. Only suitable for relatively small amounts of solution such as 1-2 mL. The muscle is located in the lateral aspect of the upper arm, approximately 2.5 to 5 cm below the lower edge of the acromion process. The needle is inserted 2.5 cm below the acromion process on the lateral aspect of the arm. 8 Presentation title 20XX

9. Vastus Lateralis 9 Presentation title 20XX Most preferred site for giving injection to children less than 1 year. Located in anterior lateral aspect of the thigh as there are no major blood vessles or significant nerve structures. Provide position to the child or adult in back lying or sitting position. In infants; divide the upper thigh from the area between greater trochanter of the femur and the lateral femoral condyle into three parts, use the middle third of the muscle for injection. 1-5 mL of volume of medication can be given.

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11. DorsoGluteal Muscle Typical volume of medication given can be up to 3-5 mL. Provide side lying or prone position to the patient. Divide the buttocks into four quadrants, the upper outer quadrants is the injection site. Since this site is very close to sciatic nerve and artery, so it is associated with complications such as numbness, paralysis and pain; therefore do not use this site without proper knowledge and specialization. 11 Presentation title 20XX

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13. VentroGluteal muscle This is an alternative site to the dorsogluteal site, avoid damage to all major nerves and blood vessels. Can be used for administration of narcotics, antiemetics, sedatives and deep intramuscular injections. It is the most preferred site for giving injection in adult patient. Provide a comfortable position to the patient such as prone or side lying to locate the site easily. Locate the site by placing the palm of hand onto patient’s greater trochanter. The index finger is towards anterior superior iliac supine and the middle finger is stretched towards the iliac crest towards the buttocks. 13 Presentation title 20XX

14. 14 Presentation title 20XX The index finger, middle finger and iliac crest form V-shaped triangle. Inject the needle in the centre of the triangle. 1-5 mL of volume of medication can be given.

15. Rectus Femoris Muscle Locate in the anterior aspect of thigh. Used for self administration of injection and sometimes used in infants. Usually 1-5 mL of volume of medication can be given. 15 Presentation title 20XX

16. Z-Track Method 16 Presentation title 20XX An intramuscular injection technique designed to deposit the medications deep into the muscle tissue. It prevent the leakage and tracking into the subcutaneous tissue. Seal the medication into the muscle tissue. Minimizes subcutaneous tissue irritation from tracking of the medication as the needle is withdrawn. Used more frequently to decrease comfort and the pain. Mainly used for ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal sites.

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18. Thank you.