Intrilectuql property rights by Neha Yadav

IPR

1. Importance of planning , steps in planning & planning premises

2. A SEMINAR TOPIC: - Session:-202 3 -202 4 course titles – Course Code:- course type: Directed by . presented by Mr. Jagnarayan sirdar Neha Yadav class- M.sc 4 th semester Biotechnology

3. Content :- Introduction Definition Natura of planning Types of planning Steps of planning Planning premises Importance of planning Limitations of planning Reference

4. Introduction Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who to do it. It involves anticipating the future and consciously Choosing the future course of action. Planning (also called forethought) is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal.

5. Definition Koontz and O’Donnell – “Planning is deciding in advance what to do, when to do, how to do and who is to do it. It is bridging the gap from where we are to where we want to go.

6. Nature or Characteristics of Planning: Planning is goal-oriented • Planning is a primary function • Planning is all-pervasive Planning is a continuous process Planning is rational Planning involves choice Planning is flexible Planning is a thinking process

7. Types of Planning Strategic Planning Tactical Planning Operational Planning Long term Short term Day to day

8. Steps in planning Steps in planning 1 . Being aware of the opportunity 6. Choosing an alternative 2 . Setting objective or goals 3 . Considering planning premises 4 . Identifying alternative 5 . Comparing alternatives in light of goals sought 7. Formulating supporting plans 8 . Numbering plans by making budgets

9. Planning premises Planning premises are assumptions of future market conditions which become the basis for current planning process . Planning premises have to be established even before planning. To establish planning premises means to forecast future business conditions under which a plan has to operate. Planning premises provide bedrock upon which the plans are based.

10. Classification of Planning Premises Internal and External premises Tangible and Intangible premises Controllable, Semi-controllable and Uncontrollable premises

11. Internal Premises Internal premises Internal premises are those factors which exist within organization and are generally under the control of management. Internal premises include men, money, machinery, materials and methods. External premises External premises are those factors which exist outside the purview of the organization and are generally not under the control of the management. External premises include government policies, general economy of country, technological trends, climatic conditions etc.

12. Tangible premises Tangible premises are those which are quantifiable in nature. For Example, production quality, quality standards, capital required, machinery to purchase. These info. Is needed for planning and are quantifiable and measurable in nature. Intangible premises Intangible premises are those which are abstract and non- quantifiable in nature. For Example, company image, brand loyalty, political situation etc., are needed for planning but are qualitative in character.

13. Controllable premises Controllable premises are those factors which are said to be completely under the control of management. For Example, Managerial policies, rules and regulations etc. s emi -controllable premises Controllable premises are those which management has partial control For Example, workers attitude and efficiency, firms pricing policy, firms marketing programs, raw materials etc.

14. Uncontrollable Premises Internal Premises are those factors over which management has absolutely no control For example, Natural Calamities, New Inventions, Wars, Strikes Imposition of Emergency, Government etc.

15. Importance and purpose of planning Planning Provides Direction . Planning Minimizes Risk and Uncertainty . Planning Ensures Co-ordination . Planning Facilitates Decision-Making . Planning Leads to Economy . Planning reduces overlapping and wastage of efforts . Planning Encourages Innovation and Creativity . Planning Facilitates Control . Planning Improves Morale .

16. Limitation of planning Lack of accurate information It is time consuming process Resistance to change Lock of ability to plans False sense of security Environmental constraints Planning involves huge Cost