intro.pptx..............................

Synopsis writing

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OBJECTIVES AND HYPOTHESIS Objectives: To determine the effects of wearing the headscarf on cervical joint position error (JPE).   To analyze the influence of age at onset of wearing the headscarf and duration of hours per day wearing the headscarf on cervical joint position error (JPE).   To compare the cervical joint position error between the individuals who wear a headscarf and who never wear a headscarf.  Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between cervical joint position sense error between the individuals who wear a headscarf and those who don’t wear a headscarf.   Alternate Hypothesis : There is a significant difference between cervical joint position sense error between the individuals who wear a headscarf and those who don’t wear a headscarf . 

3. OPERATIONAL DEFINATION  Proprioception:    Proprioception is defined as “the individuals ability to integrate the sensory signals from mechanoreceptors to thereby determine body segment position and movement in space.”    Cervical Proprioception:        It is defined as the sense of movement of the head and neck in space.  Joint Position Error:        The error individuals produce while relocating the head to the  predetermined position is defined as joint position error. It reflects the individual’s ability to reproduce a previously predetermined head position with elimination of visual and verbal feedback. Headscarf:      The headscarf is referred to the scarf that wraps up over the head and around       the neck.

4. INCLUSION & EXCLUSION CRITERIA Inclusion Criteria:  Age 18 to 25  Healthy Female Gender   Students wearing Hijab for at least 3 months   Duration of wearing Hijab of least 6hours/day Exclusion Criteria: Subjects will be excluded if they have: Recent episode of cervical pain or trauma   Tenderness or muscle spasm   Limited Range of Motion (ROM)   Musculoskeletal deformity   Congenital deformity   History of medical red flags   Sever psychiatric disorder   Tumor  Infection Neurological disease   Vestibular insufficiency 

5. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE The study will be Non-Probability Convenient Sampling. DATA COLLEECTON TOOLS Fremantle Neck Awareness Questionnaire Head Mounted Laser Beam

6. DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE A total of 28 students (n=28) will be selected for data collection according to the inclusion criteria. Students will be divided into two groups, i.e. Group A and Group B, with 14 students in each group. A consent form will be obtained from students after comprehensive explanation of the aim and procedure of the study. Joint position error will be assessed using a head mounted laser. The starting position for cervical JPE test will be in upright sitting 90 centimeters (cm) away from the front of a wall with their feet resting on the floor and back against the back of a chair.  

7. Subjects will assume a neutral head position and require to memorize this position as their perceived neutral position. Subjects will then ask to close their eyes and maximally rotate their head to the left, right, flexion, and extension. Immediately after each direction they will ask to return to their perceived neutral head position while keeping their eyes closed. When subjects indicated that they have returned to their perceived neutral position, the investigator marked the position with a marker. Each task will be repeated 3 times. The difference between the beginning and ending position will be calculated.

8. DATA ENTRY AND ANALYSIS PLAN  I will be using Independent t Test and Anova for comparison.  Data will be analyzed by the software SPSS version 21.0.  Statistics used will be mean , standard deviation and confidence interval.

9. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS   Ethical consideration is critical for research. Some ethical points taken in           consideration during the study will be as follows:   Informed consent prior to participation.   Confidentiality should not be breached.   Maximal benefit and minimal harm to the subject.   Discrimination on the basis of cast, color or creed should be avoided.   All procedures will be performed according to the relevant laws and the institutional guidelines.