Intro to Global Foreign Policy Wk 1.pptx

Global outlook at the States and Its decisios

1. INTRODUCTION TO FOREIGN POLICY RIR 419

2. Objectives of the Session Define FP Objectives of FP identify other related components of foreign policy.

3. What is foreign policy? “decisive actions involving to some appreciable extent relations between one state and the others” (Frankel, 1980)

4. A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries. In recent times, due to the deepening level of globalization and transnational activities, the states will also have to interact with non-state actors. The aforementioned interaction is evaluated and monitored in attempts to maximize benefits of multilateral international cooperation. Since the national interests are paramount, foreign policies are designed by the government through high-level decision making processes. National interests accomplishment can occur as a result of peaceful cooperation with other nations, or through exploitation . What is foreign policy?

5. What is foreign policy? “systematic decisions-making by constitutionally authorized officials or individual states” ( Rosenau , 1978)

6. strategies used to guide government action in the international arena . What is foreign policy?

7. Foreign policy of a state may be defined as the more or less consistent attitude adopted by a nation in its relation with other nations, in matters outside the scope of customary or specific treaty agreement . Foreign policy can be thought of as the key element in the flow process by which a state translates its broadly conceived goals into concrete courses of action for the purpose of attaining these goals and safeguarding its national interests . The foreign policy of a country is always the product of the interaction of many forces- historical, ideological, economic and geopolitical. These determine a country’s outlook on world affairs . In international relations there can be no eternal friends nor can there be eternal enemies. The only eternal factor is the national interest. Hence the foreign policy continues to evolve according to the changing circumstances . What is foreign policy?

8. Behavior of a state towards other states What is foreign policy?

9. “FP is the key element in the process by which a state translates its broadly conceived goals and interests into concrete course of action to attain these objectives and preserve interests ” (Lincolin, 2011)

10. Key ingredients of National Interest: Main Stake of Diplomacy

11. Who makes Foreign Policy?

12. President, Prime Minister, Foreign minister Individual

13. Decision-making organization Power to enact, amend, repeal law E.g. Parliament or congress Legislature

14. Bureaucracy Administrative policy-making Group Specialization in functions

15. National Interest group/pressure group

16. External environment International issues/event

17. Why Foreign Policy? Protects unity & integrity of a country

18. Why Foreign Policy Kenyan Truck drivers on strike over mandatory Covid testing at Malaba border. State silent as shocking trucks jam hits 100 kilometres from Malaba border Defend the interest of citizens

19. Protects interest of citizens beyond borders Why Foreign Policy?

20. Maintain contacts and develop good relations with all other states Why Foreign Policy?

21. Factors determining a Country’s FP Usually, creating foreign policy is the job of the head of government and the foreign minister (or equivalent). In some countries the legislature also has considerable oversight . Innenpolitik theories Innenpolitik theories are  unit-level approaches , which explain foreign policy primarily in terms of the internal characteristics of states, their domestic political processes and the individuals, parties, and coalitions that lead them. Innenpolitik theories,13 and it emphasizes the influence of domestic factors on foreign policy. These theories argue that internal factors such as political and economic ideology, national character, partisan politics, or socioeconomic structure determine how countries behave toward the world beyond their borders.14 There however are many versions of the Innenpolitik approach, each favoring a different specific domestic independent variable, but they all share a common assumption that foreign policy is best explained as the product of a state’s internal dynamics

22. Geography History and Culture Economic Development National Interest - National character and National Morale Political Structure Social Structure Ideology Public Opinion Power

23. Innenpolitik Innenpolitik theories are  unit-level approaches , which explain foreign policy primarily in terms of the internal characteristics of states, their domestic political processes and the individuals, parties, and coalitions that lead them.

24. MAKING FP 3 approaches:

25. FP & IR have the same objective: explaining world politics In understanding world politics, the real action lies with FPA HOW ARE IR & FP CONNECTED?

26. 1. FPA & IR have the same objective: explaining world politics How are IR & FPA connected?

27. 2 . in understanding world politics, the real action lies with FPA How are IR & FPA Connected?

28. A B C D A: President & key Advisers B: Lower-Level Bureaucratic (armed service &scientists) C: Congress, Pol. Parties, Interest Groups D: Public opinion (polls) & Media The concentric circles of power in foreign policy making (in the case of US)

29. foreign policy - set of principles that define the objectives a given state pursues in the international arena, in the process of its interactions with other international actors. CONCLUSION range of actions taken by various sections of government of a state in its relations with other bodies or states - to advance the national interests of a state.

30. How would you define Foreign policy? Thank You