Introducción a la gestión de proyectos definición y conceptos básicos

que es la gestión de proyeectos

1. Project Management in Practice
Fourth Edition
Prepared by
Scott M. Shafer,
Updated by
William E. Matthews and
Thomas G. Roberts,
William Paterson University
Copyright 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

2. Why the Emphasis on Project Management?
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Many tasks do not fit neatly into business-as-usual
Organizations need to assign responsibility and
authority for the achievement of their goals

3. Characteristics of Projects
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 Unique
 Specific deliverables
 Specific due date

4. Other Common Characteristics of Projects
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 Multidisciplinary
 Complex
 Often involve conflicts
 Part of programs

5. Trends in Project Management
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Project management techniques
are increasingly used for:
•Achieving strategic, routine, and business goals
•Improving project effectiveness
•Organizing virtual projects
•Handling quasi-projects

6. Definition of a Project
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“A project is a temporary
endeavor undertaken to create
a unique product or service.”
Project Management Institute, 2007

7. Definition of Project Management
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“The application of knowledge,
skills, tools, and techniques to
a broad range of activities in
order to meet the
requirements of a particular
project.”
Project Management Institute 2007

8. Scope, Cost, and Time Project Performance
Targets
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9. Abilities Needed For Effective Project
Management
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 Ability to resolve conflicts
 Creativity and flexibility
 Ability to adjust to change
 Good planning skills
 Negotiation skills
•win-win versus win-lose

10. The Life Cycle of Projects
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All organisms have a life cycle (i.e., they are born,
grow, wane, and die) … and so do projects
Some projects follow an S-shaped curve … they start
slowly, develop momentum, and then finish slowly
Other project follow a J-shaped curve … they start
slowly , proceed slowly, and then finish rapidly

11. Nonnumeric Selection Methods
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 The “Sacred Cow”- a pet project
advocated by a senior executive of
the firm.
 The operating/competitive
necessity
 Comparative benefits

12. The Q-Sort Method
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13. Numeric Selection Methods
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 Financial assessment methods
• payback period
• discounted cash flow
• future opportunity analysis
 Scoring methods
• unweighted 0-1 factor method
• weighted factor scoring method

14. Payback Period
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InflowsCash Net Annual
Investment Fixed Initial

15. Discounted Cash Flow
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


n
t
t
t
k
F
1
0
)1(
I- (project) NPV
where
I
0
= the initial investment
F
t
= the net cash flow in period t
k = the required rate of return or hurdle rate

16. The Weighted Scoring Model
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


n
j
jiji wsS
1
where
S
i = the total score of the i
th
project
s
ij
= the score of the i
th
project on the j
th
criterion
w
j = the weight or importance of the j
th
criterion

17. Uncertainties Encountered in Project Management.
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Time required to complete a project
Availability and cost of key resources
Timing of solutions to technological problems
Macroeconomic variables
The whims of clients
Actions taken by competitors

18. Can Uncertainty be Eliminated?
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 No … uncertainty cannot be
eliminated. However, if managed
properly, it can be minimized

19. Risk Analysis
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Estimate probabilities or distributions
associated with key parameters
Construct a mathematical model of the
situation and run a simulation ... given
various scenarios
Analyze distribution of outcomes generated
by model

20. Risk Analysis with Crystal Ball
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 Assumption Cells
 Distribution Gallery
 Forecast Cells

21. Steps in the Project Portfolio Process
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 Establish a project council
 Identify project categories and criteria
 Collect project data
 Assess resource availability
 Reduce the project and criteria set
 Prioritize the projects within categories
 Select the projects to be funded and those
to be held in reserve
 Implement the process

22. Categories of Projects
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Derivative projects … those that are only
incrementally different from existing offerings
Platform projects … major departures from existing
offerings … the next generation
Breakthrough projects … involving a newer
technology … possibly a “disruptive” technology
R&D projects … “blue sky” or visionary endeavors

23. Copyright
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