Introduction

1. PRESENTATION BY BHAWNA Welcome friends to attend presentation ON. SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

2. name : BhawnA class : vi-d roll no : 08

3. g.l.t saraswati bal mandir senior secondary school, ring road ,new delhi-65 principal- kuldeep singh chauhaun

4. INTRODUCTION To separate components of mixture, we use some characteristic methods that separate one component from the other in different modes. Some of the common physical methods of separation are: HANDPICKING STRAINING WINNOWING WATER TREATMENT THRESHING SEPARATION OF MIXTURES EVAPORATION FILTERATION CONDENSATION DECANTATION SEDIMENTATION CHURNING

5. Hand picking is used for removing the undesirable solid constituents from the mixture. HAND PICKING

6. Uses of handpicking The method of handpicking is used for many substances are: For separating slightly larger sized impurities. The pieces of dirt and stone. Husk from wheat. Rice or pulses.

7. WINNOWING Winnowing is a process of separating light solid particles such as husk from heavier solids, such as rice & wheat grains. The mixture is dropped slowly from a height in the presence of wind. The heavy particles drop almost vertically, where as the light particles are carried some distance away by wind. Hence 2 different heaps of light & heavy particles are formed.

8. Uses of winnowing The method of winnowing is used in many ways are: To separate heavier and lighter components of a mixture by wind or by blowing air. The method is commonly used by farmers to separate lighter husk particles from heavier seeds of grain.

9. Threshing The process that is used to separate grain from stalks is threshing .

10. Uses of threshing The method of threshing is used for in many ways are: To separate grain from stalks. The stalks are beaten to free the grain stalks.

11. Evaporation The process of conversion of water into its vapour is called evaporation.

12. Uses of evaporation The method of evaporation is used for in many ways are: To separate a mixture of water into its vapour. Heat is evaporated by heating.

13. Condensation The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation.

14. USES OF CONDENSATION Steaming clothes steam-cleaning blistering paint off walls easily...better than scraping

15. Sedimentation When the heavier components in a mixture settles after water is added to it, the process is called sedimentation.

16. Uses of sedimentation Sedimentation in glacier-influenced marine environments. Sedimentation of the coarse particles of the suspended load takes place simultaneously. Intercalation of shallow marine deposits with these two units indicating active sedimentation during falling sea-level. Formation of this clay is possibly the result of recent geological sedimentation and particulate sorting due to riverine activity.

17. Decantation When the water is removed, the process is called decantation.

18. USES OF DECANTATION Take care to avoid, as much as feasible, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample. Deposits containing aggregates which display a history of coating problems require decantation. Wash the resin repeatedly by decantation until the supernatant water is free of foam and turbidity. Care should be taken to avoid, as much as possible, the decantation of the coarse particles of the sample. The sodium soaps are soluble in the glycerol phase and must be isolated after neutralization by decantation as fatty acids.

19. filtration Filtration can be used to separate components of a mixture of an insoluble solids and a liquid.

20. USES OF FILTERATION The coffee filter to keep the coffee separate from the grounds. HEPA filters in air conditioning to remove particles from air. Belt filters to extract precious metals in mining. Horizontal plate filter, also known as Sparkler filter. Furnaces use filtration to prevent the furnace elements from fouling with particulates. Pneumatic conveying systems often employ filtration to stop or slow the flow of material that is transported, through the use of a baghouse. In the laboratory, a Büchner funnel is often used, with a filter paper serving as the porous barrier.

21. CHURNING Churning is the process of shaking up cream to make butter, and various forms of butter churn have been used for the purpose, which was moved by hand. Afterward, mechanical means of churning were usually substituted.

22. EXAMPLES OF CHURNING Churning out of small answers to small problems on a colossal scale. Churning up high swells. Churning out rubbish on celebrities, worth a check on anti-war coverage. Churning up the mud. On the story goes, in came milking machines, smaller milk churns. Churning the stomach while stirring the gonads. Churn away. Churn around inside you and you'll end up feeling worse. Churning out thousands of pages of new law every year, supplemented by thousands more of statutory instruments.

23. STRAINING straining is a process, generally used in cooking, in which the yolk is removed from the white. This allows one part of the to be used without the other part, or each part to be treated in different ways. Recipes for custard call for yolks.

24. Strain every sinew to make the world demonstrate next March. Straining at the leash. Strain through a sieve and leave the custard to cool before placing in the fridge to chill for 20 minutes. The current H5N1 strain of avian flu virus does not transmit easily from birds to mammals like cats. Strain gage errors is important in the accurate measurement of the fatigue life of an aircrafts airframe. Also I was carrying a groin strain that wasn't making life sweet. Strain out a gnat but swallow a camel. USE OF STRAINING

25. WATER TREATMENT Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal of this process is to produce water fit for a specific purpose.

26. USES OF WATER TREATMENT Pre-chlorination - for algae control and arresting any biological growth Aeration - along with pre-chlorination for removal of dissolved iron and manganese Coagulation - for flocculation Coagulant aids, also known as polyelectrolytes - to improve coagulation and for thicker floc formation Sedimentation - for solids separation, that is, removal of suspended solids trapped in the floc Filtration - removing particles from water Desalination - Process of removing salt from the water Disinfection - for killing bacteria.

27. SEPARATION OF MIXTURES In chemistry and chemical engineering, a separation process, or simply a separation, is any mass transfer process that contain a mixture of substances into two or more distinct product mixtures, at least one of which is enriched in one or more of the mixture's constituents.

28. EXAMPLES OF SEPARATION OF MIXTURES Distillation is used to separate homogenous mixtures that are based in liquid such as water. The liquid mixture is heated until pure vapor rises up, leaving the heavier material that was suspended in the liquid condensed at the bottom of the container. The vapor is removed through a condenser tube and condensed into liquid in another container. Filtration is a common way to separate soluble solids from a solution. The mixture is poured over an appropriately-sized filter. The solids remain on top of the filter, while the liquid drains into a container underneath. Centrifuges are machines that put an object in rotation around a fixed axis, applying a force perpendicular to the axis. Centripetal acceleration causes denser substances to separate, moving toward the bottom of the tube, while the lighter substances will move toward the top.

29. Distillation Distillation is based on the fact that the vapour of a boiling mixture will be richer in the components that have lower boiling points. Therefore, when this vapour is cooled and condensed, the condensate will contain more volatile components. At the same time, the original mixture will contain more of the less volatile materia l.

30. example of distillation Fractional distillation is used to separate petroleum into its fractions. Distillation is used to get fresh water from salt water. Distillation is used to make any of the liquors that are stronger than wine. Distilled water for chemical reactions that may be affected by impurities in the tap water.

31. Separating Funnel A separatory funnel, also known as separation funnel, separating funnel, or colloquially sep funnel, is a piece of laboratory glassware used in liquid-liquid extractions to separate (partition) the components of a mixture into two immiscible solvent phases of different densities[1] Typically, one of the phases will be aqueous, and the other a non-polar lipophilic organic solvent such as ether, MTBE, dichloromethane, chloroform, or ethyl acetate. All of these solvents form a clear delineation between the two liquids

32. USES OF SEPARATING FUNNEL A mixture of oil and water is put into a separating funnel and then shaken and then left until it becomes stable again. The liquid with higher density, in this case water goes to the bottom of the separating funnel. When this is done, the bottom of the Separating funnel is opened and the water flows out, leaving only the oil left.

33. RIVER WATER TREATMENT The River Water Treatment Plant uses membrane filter technology and is the one of the most sophisticated water treatment plants in Australasia. This world leading technology has already proved effective in other countries including France, America, Canada and Great Britain. In most cases, the raw water from the Waikato River contains considerably less pollutants, bacteria and viruses than these overseas plants.

34. USES OF RIVER WATER TREATMENT Rivers have many uses,one of the most important being a source of drinking water. In California, 23 million people rely on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta for their drinking water. Treating river water to remove harmful contaminants is essential to improving global health. There are several straight-forward river water treatment methods.

35. THANK You