Introduction & Description on Cancer.pptx

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they can also have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.

1. cancer DR.RACHANA CHAUDHARY Department of Microbiology Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya Junwani , Bhilai , Chhattisgarh.

2. Introduction Cancer is uncontrolled growth of a group of cells disregarding the normal rule of cell division. Such cells are known as cancer cells. cancer cells develop autonomous mechanism for its growth and proliferation. Cancer is diseases which turns the normal cell into cancer cell by the process called carcinogenesis. Cancer cells contain multiple alterations in the number and structure of genes and chromosomes, mainly acquired by mutations in somatic cells. Clinically , there are many types of cancer, but biologically, the origin of cancer is similar, which is due to defect in gene expression.

3. Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer is caused by changes to DNA. Most cancer causing DNA changes occur in sections of DNA called genes. These changes are also called genetic changes. Definition

4. cancer The main types of genes that play a role in cancer are: Oncogenes Tumor suppressor genes DNA repair genes

5. Classification of tumor : Benign tumor Malignant tumor Classification of cancer based on pathophysiology : Carcinomas Sarcomas Lymphomas or Leukaemia Classification of cancer

6. Classification of CANCER based on pathophysiology : 1. Carcinomas: This type of cancer arises from epithelial cells or ectodermal tissues lining the internal surface of the various organs . For example :  breast cancer , lung cancer, skin cancer , brain cancer , cancer of pancreas & mouth, oesophagus , stomach &intestine .

7. 2. Sarcomas : These cancers arise from connective and muscular tissue derived from mesoderm. FOR examples: bone tumours, muscle tumours , muscle tumours , cancer of lymph nodes.

8. 3. Lymphomas or Leukemia : It is the malignant growth of leucocytes (WBC ). Persons affected with this cancer show the excessive production of leucocytes (blood cancer) and cancer of bone marrow.

9. Regardless of difference in types of cancer histologically and physiologically, there is existence of a common pathophysiological process of malignant tumours or cancer development in the organism. Pathophysiology of cancer

10. 1. Environmental factors: 2 . Endogenous factors : 3. Chemical carcinogen: 4. Physical carcinogen: 5. Biological carcinogen: Virus Bacteria Etiological agents that induce cancer

11. The early infection does not show significant symptom. Possible symptoms of cancer are as follows: •A persistent cough or hoarseness in a smoker.
•A persistent change in digestive and bowel habits.
•Rapid change in the form, appearance and growth of a mole or wart.
•A hard area in the breast.
•Excessive loss of blood during monthly period in women.
•A swelling or sore throat that does not heal easily.
•Unexpected loss of weight. SYMPTOMS

12. cancer is second leading cause of deaths following heart diseases one should care about its prevention before the occurrence of disease by varies examinations and if disease is already exists then one should go for its regular treatment. Recent treatment mainly includes radiation therapy, cell based immunotherapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy are most widely used methods used for treatment of various type of cancers. Conclusion

13. Thank you