Introduction & Hx of dentition.pptx.....

Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gentle and continous presure by bitting on the guaze for at least 30 minutes.
Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gentle and continous presure by bitting on the guaze for at least 30 minutes.
Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gentle and continous presure by bitting on the guaze for at least 30 minutes.
Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gentle and continous presure by bitting on the guaze for at least 30 minutes.
Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gentle and continous presure by bitting on the guaze for at least 30 minutes.
Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gentle and continous presure by bitting on the guaze for at least 30 minutes.
Irrigate the site with saline.
Remove the tissue tags and granulation tissue from the soft tissue of the site.
Compress the alveolar bone with finger pressure.
Suture if necessary at the papillae bordering the extraction site and across the middle of the site.
Stop the bleeding by placing a guaze pack covering the socket and the instruct the patient to apply gent

1. INTRODUCTION & HISTORY

2. Oral Health Objective –to identify & treat oral & dental health problems _to enable students plan, organize & provide primary oral health care

3. Introduction to oral health Oral health has been given less priority in Africa, why? 1.Other health problems of the continent which are life threatening and communicable 2. Africans were assumed to have strong teeth 3. poor habit of “ maintainance ”

4. Definition Dentistry/ stomatology - is the science and an art of preventing , diagnosing and treating diseases ,injuries and malformation of the teeth , jaws , mouth and correcting & replacing lost, absent teeth and associated structures .

5. Hx of Dentistry Is that necessary to learn Hx ?

6. Hx of Dentistry A profession that is ignorant about its past experiences has lost a valuable asset because “it has missed its best guide to the future” B.W. Weinberger Dentistry: An illustrated history “ ሳይራመድ በታሪክ ምንጣፍ ሰው አይደርስም ከዛሬ ደጃፍ ፡፡ “ ቴዲ አፍሮ

7. Hx of Dentistry A)ANCIENT HISTORY Indus valley civilization > 7000 BC. Bead crafters Used bow drills to treat tooth related disorders. Slovenia 6500 BC. earliest dental filling from beeswax Sumerian text from 5000BC. Describes a tooth worm as a cause of dental caries

8. Hx contd … Evidence of this belief has also been found in ancient India , Egypt , Japan & china. The legend of worm is also found in the writings of homer The surgeon Guy de chauliac promoted the belief that worms cause tooth decay as late as 14 th C.

9. Hx contd … Egypt Edwin smith papyrus 17 th c BC discusses treatment of dislocated or fractured jaws Pharaohs suffered from gum disease Code of Hammurabi 18 th C BC referenced dental extraction twice as it related to punishment(code 200,201)

10. Aristotle & Hippocrates wrote about eruption pattern of teeth , treating decayed teeth & gum disease, extracting teeth with forceps,& using wires to stabilize loose teeth & fractured jaws

11. Hx contd … Etruscans as early as 700bc are said to be the first to use dental appliances or bridges Cornelius Celsus , Roman medical writer wrote extensively of oral diseases as well as dental treatments

12. Hx contd … Chinese physician Su Kung documented the earliest dental amalgam use Arabian physicians Avicenna & Abualqasim documented that they perform scaling & oral hygiene practice

13. Hx contd … B) Medival History <475BC after the fall of Roman Empire medicine has not been practiced well in Europe & is limited to monasteries & monks Barbers who visited monastery to serve monks assisted surgical procedures 1163 France Monastic council sanctioned surgical procedures in monasteries Barbers who used to assist surgical procedures started extraction & scaling and named themselves “BARBER DENTISTS”

14. Hx contd … In 1530 the first book which solely focused on dentistry “ Artzney Buchlein ” for barber dentists was published 1685 Charles allen wrote the first dental text book “Operator of the teeth” in English

15. Hx contd … C)Modern History Pierre Fauchared “father of modern dentistry” 1728 publicized “Le chirurgien dentiste ” or “The surgeon dentist”

16. Hx contd … the text included “basic oral anatomy& physiology , dental construction , effectively separated dentistry from the wider category of surgery.”

17. Hx contd … John Hunter British surgeon wrote Natural history of human teeth (1771) ,& Practical treatise on the disease of the teeth (1778) tried the first tooth transplant 1763 he entered into a period of collaboration with the London based dentist James Spence theorise about possibility of tooth transplant realised that the chance of successful tooth transplant would be improved if the donor tooth was as fresh as possible and was matched for size with recipient 1806 English dentist Joseph fox realized rejection phenomenon of transplants

18. Hx contd … Dentistry in 19 th C in USA 1763 John Baker from England started practicing dentistry in Boston 1768 Isaac Greenwood (ivory trader) trained & practiced dentistry The first American dentist From his six sons four became dentist , from them john greenwood was George Washington's dentist Josiah Flagg:- first dentalchair

19. Greenwoods Dental Foot Engine Josiah Flagg:- first dentalchair

20. Hx contd … 19 th C dentistry evolved from trade to profession 1839 The American journal of dental science 1840 Baltimore collage of dental surgery 1840 the American society of dental surgery

21. 1846 William Morton demonstrated effectiveness of ether for anesthesia 1844 Hores Wels American Dentist discovered NO & used for extraction

22. 1878 “the passage of dentists act” Dentistry should be under Medical council Registration of dentists & licensure preparation of curriculum ??? How do you think dentists were trained before this time????? 1921 the act is approved

23. DENTISTRY IN ETHIOPIA

24. Dentistry in Eth… The dental practice was performed by “WEGESHA” They used nail as elevator by flattening its tip Photo credit Edwardo baynoro fb page

25. 1940-49 Dentists from Italy ,Rumania , Greece worked in the country Menilik II hospital 1949 Kefer ,Germany 1950-56 Dr. Joseph Haik ,Lebanon

26. Dentistry in Eth… Asfaw’s Brothers 1956 Dr. Bekele Asfaw (DDS) first Ethiopian dentist graduated from Harvard University(USA ) Mr. Engeda Asfaw first Ethiopian dental lab. technician also graduated from USA 1968 scholarship from socialist countries increased the no. of local dentist’s

27. Dentistry in Eth… 1972 Dr.Kebede Getahun got the first oral surgery speciality certificate from London University. he is also the first EDPA president

28. DENTAL SCHOOLS IN ETHIOPIA 1949 D r. Tina Tiskana ,Greece started private practice around CINEMA ADWA gave service for 15 yrs Ethiopian “Barber Dentists” 1950 Dr. Joseph Haik Dental Clinic He trained his “assistant” Mr. Mamo Haile

29. Dental schools in Eth… 1951 Mr.Mamo bought the clinic from Dr. Joseph & named after himself. 1956 Mr.Mamo dental clinic is named after the first Ethiopian dentist Dr.Bekele 1950 th Mr. Mamo also trained under Mr.liyo a chinese dental technician. started training dental technicians by bringing youngsters from his birth place

30. Dental schools in Eth… 1975 Armed Forces Hospital started training dental therapists. Dr.kebede Getahun takes the credit 1977 10 Dental Therapists graduated 1983 Dental treatment & training center opened in yekatit 12 hospital T he center is incorporated under AU 1995 1998 25 DSP graduated from the center

31. Dental schools in Eth… 1996 JU opened Dental School 2001 the first locally trained 38 dentists graduated from JU in DMD 2004 JU started PG program 2002 MU started ‘’ acclerated dentistry’’ also started PG program in 2006 2007 JUDSA was established in JU Private collages

32. 2002The first book which solely focused in dentistry and written in amharic .

33. Licensed Dental Professionals In Ethiopia Title Qualification No. 1 Dental Specialist DMD/DDS + Specialization Certificate OMFS- Orthodontist Prostodontist DPHS 2 Dental Doctor/surgeon DDS/DMD 3 Dental science professionals BSC degree in dental science 4 Dental Technology Technician Diploma in Dental Hygiene ,Technician ,Therapy 5 Dental Technology Assistant Certificate in Dental Hygiene, Technician,Therapy

34. Speciality fields of dentistry Operative dentistry :-art & science of the diagnosis , treatment & prognosis of defects of tooth that don’t require full coverage restoration Endodontics :- manages the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the dental pulp and the periradicular tissues that surround the root of the tooth Prosthodontics :- concerned with replacement of teeth and contiguous structures of edentulous and partially edentulous patients with artificial substance .

35. Oral & maxillofacial surgery :- deals with the art of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, injuries and defects involving the orofacial region. Periodontics :-studies supporting structures of teeth and diseases & conditions affecting them Orthodontics :- concerned with growth of the face, development of dentition; prevention, interception and correction of malocclusion and other abnormalities of the dento -facial region