Introduction and History of Embedded Systems.pptx

Introduction and History of Embedded Systems

1. Introduction to Embedded Systems History of Embedded Systems

2. History of Embedded Systems The first mass produced embedded system : The guidance computer for the Minuteman missile in 1961. The computer is named Autonetics D-17 guidance computer. https://youtu.be/K19kQhOqHSk Image extracted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-17B

3. History of Embedded Systems The first consumer-oriented microprocessor was Intel 4004. This was used in calculators and small systems. https://youtu.be/cVD5qKIY6ZM Image extracted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004

4. History of Embedded Systems In 1970’s 8 bit microprocessor was the norm. Required external memory chips, decoding logic and interfaces to the external world. In 1980’s Intel MCS-51, a single chip microcontroller was developed. By the end of 1980’s embedded systems were the norm. This trend continued ever since.

5. Characteristics of Embedded Systems Cost and Power Consumption Reliability Life Threatening Availability ( 24 * 7 * 365) Performance Programs on an Embedded system must run with real-time constraints with limited hardware resources. These are design challenges as well.

6. Properties of Embedded Systems Heterogeneous : Software, Electronics, Mechanical components, Optics etc. Complex : Real time requirements, low-power, reliable Flexible : Remote maintenance, time to market, personalized Communicative : Networked, connected, unobtrusively communicating, typically by means of sensors and actuators. Decentralized control, adaptive behaviour, self configuring, self restoring.

7. Where Embedded Systems are using?

8. Computers as Components by Wayne Wolf 2e - Cover

9. Where Embedded Systems are using? ATMs(Automatic Teller Machines) Cell Phones & Phone Switches(EPABXs etc) Network routers, timer servers, firewalls Computer peripherals(Printers, disk drivers, floppy controllers) Engine controllers, antilock break controllres for automobiles etc. PLCs in Process Control Insutry Home Appliances : Air conditioner, DVD players, TVs, Video Games, Security Monitoring systems Avionics : Missiles, tracking systems, etc.

10. Where Embedded Systems are using? ATMs(Automatic Teller Machines) Cell Phones & Phone Switches(EPABXs etc) Network routers, timer servers, firewalls Computer peripherals(Printers, disk drivers, floppy controllers) Engine controllers, antilock break controllres for automobiles etc. PLCs in Process Control Insutry Home Appliances : Air conditioner, DVD players, TVs, Video Games, Security Monitoring systems Avionics : Missiles, tracking systems, etc.

11. Where Embedded Systems are using? Home : Dishwashers, Microwave ovens, VCRs, Televisions, Cameras, Answering Machines, etc. Industrial Automation : RTU’s, Robots, PLC’s, Field Devices, Elevators. Medical : Imaging Systems ( E.g. XRAY, MRI), Patient monitors, etc. Office Automation : FAX machines, copiers, telephones etc. Personal : PDA’s, Pagers, Cell Phones, Portable MP3 players, GPS etc.

12. Examples of Embedded Systems Microprocessor Based Thermostat This is designed for small cooling and heating air handling systems in residential and commercial facilities.

13. Examples of Embedded Systems Cardiovascular X Ray Machine

14. Examples of Embedded Systems Curiosity rover: An Apple PowerBook on wheels 200MHz PowerPC 750 CPU specifically hardened to withstand radiation and space flight. 256MB of RAM, 250KB of read-only memory(EEPROM) 2 GB of flash storage holds video and scientific data before it is transmitted to Earth Extracted from https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/MSLLaunch.pdf