introduction_and_history_of_horticulture.ppt

Introduction to horticulture

1. Introduction to Horticulture

2. Horticulture
Word first used in 1600’s
Comes from two Latin words
Hortus “Garden”
Cultura “Cultivation”
Horticulture means “cultivated garden”
or “culture of garden plants”
NOW MUCH MORE…

3. Life Sciences
Biology is the branch of science that
deals with both plant and animal
organisms and life processes.
Zoology is the part of biology that deals
with animals.
Botany is the part of biology that deals
with plants.

4. Horticulture
The science and practice of growing,
processing and marketing fruits,
vegetables, and ornamental plants.

5. Agronomy
The science and practice of growing
field crops such as cotton, wheat,
tobacco, corn and soybeans.

6. Branches of Horticulture
Olericulture
The growing and study of vegetables.
Pomology
The growing and study of fruits and nuts.
Viticulture
The growing and study of grapes or vines.
Floriculture
The growing and study of flowers.

7. Branches of Horticulture
Greenhouse Management
The growing and study of plants in
greenhouses.
TurfgrassManagement
The growing and study of turfgrasses. This
includes home, municipal, and commercial
lawns; sports turf maintenance; highway
rights-of-way; and seed and sod
production.

8. Branches of Horticulture
Nursery Management
The growing and study of trees and shrubs
that are produced primarily for landscape
purposes.
Arboriculture
The growing and study of trees.
Known as silviculture in forestry.
Synonymous with urban forestry.

9. Branches of Horticulture
Landscape Horticulture
The application of design and horticultural
principles to placement and care of plants
in the landscape.
Interiorscaping
The application of design and horticultural
principles to placement and care of plants
in indoor environments.

10. Branches of Horticulture
Horticultural Therapy
The use of horticultural plants and
methods as therapeutic tools with disabled
and disadvantaged people.

11. QUESTIONS?

12. Hypothesize -TPS
Where did horticulture begin?
Where will the history of horticulture
originate?
Who invented it?

13. History of Horticulture
“Garden of Eden”
Romanticized garden of paradise.
Ultimate goal throughout history.

14. History of Horticulture
Prehistoric people
were primarily….
Hunters and
gatherers.
Collected seeds,
fruits, and nuts.

15. History of Horticulture
Primitive people began to study plants.
Is it edible?
Does eating it modify well-being?
Does it taste good?
Can it used to keep me warm? As fuel? As
clothing?
Is it useful to combat pain? Disease?

16. History of Horticulture
When were plants
first cultivated?
Neolithic Age (7000
–10000 years ago)
First farmers were
women!!!!

17. History of Horticulture
By 3000 B.C. in
Egypt
Land preparation
Irrigation
Pruning

18. History of Horticulture
Meanwhile in Mesopotamia,
Babylonia, and Assyria…..
Irrigation canals lined with burnt brick and sealed
with asphalt joints.
This system kept 10,000 square miles under
cultivation…..
Which fed 15,000,000 people
Cultivated roses, figs, dates, grapes, and olives.

19. History of Horticulture
Hanging Gardens of
Babylon
Built by Nebuchadnezzar.
One of 7 Wonders of the
Ancient World

20. History of Horticulture
Eventually people began asking questions
such as…..
How do they grow?
How do they reproduce?
How are they constructed?
How are they nourished?
How are they related to one another?
How are traits passed from one
generation to the next?

21. History of Horticulture
Meanwhile, back in
America……
The Pre-Incas were
cultivating maize
(corn)

22. Hypothesize -TPS
What other crops were
Native American’s
growing?

23. History of Horticulture
Other Indian crops
included……
Potatoes
Sweet potatoes
Peppers
Squash
Tomatoes
Cocoa

24. History of Horticulture
The use of plant
products eventually
led to physicians,
pharmacists, and
scientists.

25. History of Horticulture
Theophrastus
1
st
scientific
horticulturist
Student of Plato and
Aristotle
Wrote the books
History of Plants and
The Causes of
Plants.

26. History of Horticulture
History of Plants
Morphology of roots, flowers, and leaves.
Anatomical features such as bark, pith,
fibers, and vessels.
The Causes of Plants
Relationship of weather, soils, and agricultural practices.
Importance of seeds
Value of grafting
Tastes and flagrances of plants
Death of plants

27. History of Horticulture
Dioscorides
Early Christian Era
Wrote about the
medicinal uses of
plants
Proposed ideas
about the
relationship of plants

28. History of Horticulture
Middle Ages
Little advancement in horticulture
Arabs (established botanical gardens)
Scientific advances of Greeks and Romans
were preserved in monasteries.

29. History of Horticulture
Renaissance
Rebirth of energetic attention to scientific
discovery.
Taxonomy, morphology, and anatomy
branches of botany began to grow.
More and more plants were discovered due
to exploration which required a system of
classification.

30. History of Horticulture
Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Swedish botanist.
Developed binomial
classification scheme for
plants.
Based on their sexual or
flowering parts.
Basis for all classification
systems today.
Built upon the work of
the Greeks, especially
Dioscorides.

31. History of Horticulture
As the Renaissance
evolved……
Creation of formal
Gardens
Versailles
Belvedere in Vienna

32. History of Horticulture
Improvements in fruit,
nut, and vegetable
production.
Influx of new plants
from “the colonies”.
Some of these plants
became mainstays
of European diets.

33. Horticulture in America
When the Europeans arrived they
brought seeds, cuttings, and plants.
Orchards were established
Crops brought to America
Oranges
Wheat
Cabbage

34. Horticulture in America
Early horticulturists in America
John Bartram
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
John Chapman
aka. Johnny Appleseed

35. Horticulture in America
New life in horticulture
Morrill Act of 1862.
Established land-grant
universities.
Encouraged the growth
of agricultural knowledge.

36. Horticulture in America
Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858-1954)
“Father of American Horticulture”
Educated at Michigan Agricultural College
Present Day Michigan State University
Then was a professor at Michigan
Agricultural College and at Cornell
University.

37. Horticulture in America
Established the 1
st
horticulture
department
Prodigious Writer
Hortus
Taxonomic index of horticultural plants.
Cyclopedia of Horticulture
Cultural and taxonomic information of plants.

38. Horticulture in America
Established the Bailey
Hortorium.
“things of the garden”
Established the (ASHS)
American Society of
Horticulture Science in
1903.

39. Modern Day Horticulture
New Cultivars
Plant-Water
Relationships
Temperature
Light
Plant Nutrition
The Rhizosphere
Integrated Pest
Management
Plant Growth Regulators
Mechanization
Post Harvest Factors