INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF HYDROTHERAPY-2.pptx

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF HYDROTHERAPY-2.pptx

1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF HYDROTHERAPY By S.Vaishnavi D.Sai Praneeth 2019 batch

2. CONTENTS Hydrotherapy and its importance in ancient Indian texts Hydrotherapy among the Egyptians,Chinese and other ancient nations. Hippocrates on the uses of water The medical uses of baths by the romans and arabs Popular uses of water 150 years ago Cullens use of water in fever Hydrotherapy in Europe Hydrotherapy in England The work of Curie and Jackson Hydrotherapy in America Hydrotherapy by Preisstnz Scientific hydrotherapy

3. INTRODUCTION The term Hydro- therapy is derived from two Greek words—" Hudor ," meaning water, and " Therapeia ," meaning healing— and is applied to the use of plain or fresh water in any form, including ice and steam, either internally or externally, for the healing of disease. Hydrotherapy formerly called as hydropathy involves the use of water for pain relief. Hydrotherapy is use of water internally or externally at various temperatures for therapeutic purposes.it encompasses a broad range of approaches and therapeutic methods that take advantages of the physical properties of water such as temperature and pressure , for therapeutic purposes to stimulate blood circulation and treat symptoms of certain diseases.

4. HYDROTHERAPY IN ANCENT INDIAN TEXTS Water is broadly found in scriptures as an utter necessity in bathing( snaana ), drinking ( päna ), cleansing ( çauca ), relieving treatment ( cikitsä ), hospitality ( upacära ), farming ( kruñi ), and offering ( tarpaëaà ). Application of water was given utmost importance in Indian traditional texts like Rigveda, yajurveda , atharva veda , as well as caraka samhitä , çuçruta samhitä and añöäìgasangraha  of  äyurveda . The practice of hydrotherapy was a part of the all performances or rituals like  yäga  and  yajïa . Gruhya sutra- 3 daily baths of personal hygiene, immersion in sarovars , washing hands, wearing wet cloth as in pack and sipping water.

5. Verse 9.1 of Rigveda- deep entering of water into skin produces shine. In Rigveda, ponds of various depths of bathing were mentioned in hymn no 10/71/7. Verse 4.1 of Rigveda- When water is consumed, it bestows fortunate divinity on the individual who drinks it. Consuming water about 1.5 litres each morning on an empty stomach, as well as throughout the day is called uña käla cikistä . Water therapy is considered to be a material way of taking an "internal bath”. Panchakarma of ayurveda- Steam bath and sun bath as swedhana and snehana .

6. 45th branch of Sütra Stäna - The attributes of rainwater gathered prior to the contact with land are listed.It beats the disparities caused by vätä , pitta, kapha offers vigor, augments the seven building materials of the body known as saptadhätu which enhances the brain activity. Sütra Stäna explains about 13 types of fomentation, their indications and contraindications. It should be administered until there is recovery from cold, colic pain, stiffness, and heaviness of body, or until tenderness and sweating appear there. Verse 45 of the Sütra Stäna - therapeutic benefits of cold water.

7. HYDROTHERAPY IN EGYPT,CHINA AND OTHER NATIONS Egyptians, Hebrews, Greeks, Persians, Hindus- all employed water in treatment of diseases. Chinese records BC- a physician prescribed 100 affusions of ice-water which resembled wet sheet pack. The Tokyo Medical journal (1881)- cold bath has been used for nearly 800 years. Nakagami 300YA-treatise on use of cold bath for acute mania, hysteria, asthma, convulsions for children.

8. HYDROTHERAPY IN GREECE Spartans of Greece –cold bath was obligatory by law Hippocrates - had understanding of physiological properties of both hot and cold water used in treatment of fevers, ulcers, hemorrhages, and a variety of medical and surgical conditions. He directed cold baths should be followed by friction. Understood the phenomenon of reaction through his observation-after cold bath the body quickly recuperates its heat and remains warm while a hot bath produces opposite effect. Asclepiades - hot and cold baths, douches, compresses Antonius musa - cured Emporer Augustus of a chronic catarrh by means of cold baths.

9. HYDROTHERAPY BY ROMANS AND ARABS Pliny - employed baths in Rome for 5 centuaries Celsus - described a perfect therapeutic system termed “ APOTHERAPHIA ” the three essentials being exercise, friction and baths. Arabic physicians advocated baths in fevers for the treatment of small pox and measles Rhazes - recommended drinking ice water of 2-3 pints within half an hour for reducing temperature in fevers. Avicenna - cold water for constipation.

10. M.Barra of Lyons published “ L’usage de le Glace ,de la Neige , et du Froid ”(the use of ice, of snow, of cold) in 1675. Hebrews - pronounced cold water to be the best for continuous fevers and recommended for erysipelas, pestilential fevers, contagious boils, frost bite, desentry , the plague, inflammation of the throat, and tightness of the stomach. Lanzani , an Italian physician –thesis on internal use of water for treatment of fevers. Fra Bernardino - ‘ the cold water doctor ’, used iced water for indigestion, nervous disorders and hemorrhages. Gave 3-6 glasses of ice water daily to his patients.

11. USES OF WATER 150 YA Few extracts from a small work entitled, ” Primitive Physick ” by John Wesley published in 1747: For apoplexy- use the cold bath and drink water. For asthma- a pint of cold water drinking in the morning, washing head immediately and cold bath once in a fortnight. For convulsive asthma- cold bath twice a week. To prevent swelling from a bruise- immediately apply 5 or 6 fold cloth dipped in cold water. To cure a swelling from a bruise- hot fomentation half an hour morning and evening. For burn or a scald- immediately plunge the part into cold water. To prevent rickets, tenderness, weakness(in children of age above 8 or 9 months old)- dip them in cold water every morning.

12. For whooping cough- cold bath daily. For cholera morbus- 2 to 3 quarts of cold water (if strong) or warm water(if weak). For cold- drink a pint of cold water lying down in bed. For colic- drink a pint of cold water or a quart of warm water or steep the legs in hot water a quarter of an hour. For chronic headache- feet in warm water for 1/4 th hour before bed for 2-3 weeks. For suffocation- plunge immediately into cold water. For mania- pour cold water or apply cloths dipped in cold water on head. For rheumatism- cold bath with rubbing and sweating. For rickets- wash the child every morning in cold water. For sciatica- use cold bathing and sweat or drink half a pint of cold water daily in the morning and at 4 in the evening. For stone- a pint of warm water daily before dinner. For swelling of the joints- pour a stream of warm water or alternate cold and warm water.

13. CULLENS USE OF WATER He made practical observations and described therapeutic uses of water. In his treatise on fever he commended water as a sedative when used in such a manner as to "moderate the violence of reaction," and as a tonic when used for “supporting and increasing the action of the heart and arteries." The action of cold he described as follows:- Diminished temperature and pallor of the skin. Weakened action of the heart and arteries, observing that in cold countries the pulse is uniformly slow. Weakness and inactivity, effects observable in the inhabitants of cold countries. Prolonged and very cold applications are capable of entirely extinguishing the vital powers," cold combined with moisture chilling the body much faster than dry cold. Cold applications prepare the body for applications of heat, producing accumulation of sensibility to the stimulus of heat.“ Cullens used water according to Dr. Darwin’s rule- to warm the patient in the cold fit, and to cool him in the hot one.

14. HYDROTHERAPY IN EUROPE Sir John Floyer in 17 th century- wrote wetsheet pack was used to diminish weight of their jockies by sportsmen. The same was used to treat various maladies in children, child with gown and headcap quickly dipped in cold waterand laid on bed wrapped with warm blanket and left all night. Also wrote, people used go to the water in their shirts and dressed in wet linens and wear all day long and not catch any cold thereby. In 15 th century, Savonarola , Italian physician- systemic use of cold water. Barizzi - vaginal douche in uterine affections. Baccio , Italy & other Spanish and German physcians - cold applications for insomnia. Septala - cold douche for headache and sunstroke. Herman , Belgic physician-cold water for constipation, migraine, paralysis, mania.

15. HYDROTHERAPY IN ENGLAND Sir John Floyer , - published a history of cold bathing in 1697, in which he directed sweating by wet sheet pack followed by cold bath. In 17 th century, he established a water-cure at Litchfield, England. John Hancock - published “ Febrifugum Magnum ”in 1723, demonstrating the value of water-drinking. Sir John Chardin , 18 th century- had a bilious remittent fever in Persia and was considered hopeless, a local physician put him on fast for 5 days and made him drink plenty of water cooled with snow, laid on a mat wet with water, and also poured water constantly. In 2 days fever disappeared. The native physicians of Mohammedan countries follow Galen and make use of water in treating many maladies.

16. THE WORK OF CURIE AND JACKSON In 18th century, Curie gave some indications for use of water in fever, especially intermittent as follows: To diminish cold in cold stages. To diminish heat in heat stages. To diminish spasm oof blood vessels. To support the powers of life till the diseased associations die away from ceasing their causes. To unload the bowels. He also adviced cold water drinking and immersion instead of affusions in warm countries. He observed cold pour could be more useful than cold sponging. He also warned against fatigue by too much bathing. He noted that short cold applications should not be given in high fevrs . He applied wet blanket or pack in fevers and cold to feet in hemorrhages.

17. HYDROTHERAPY IN AMERICA Dr.Benjamin Rush , of Philadelphia- cold water for rheumatism, gout, small pox, measles, yellow fever. In 1974, he introduced use of broken ice for fevers. Dr.Bard and Hosac , Newyork hospital- used water for treating fevers. In 1799, Peter Edes , published a work on uses of water. Henry Wilson Lokette , Virginia in 1801, published thesis on “An inaugural dissertation on the warm bath”, presented to medical university of Pennsylvania for doctor degree.

18. Hydrotherapy Application Change in Pulse Signs and symptoms observed Foot bath at 110°F Increased from 76 to 92 bpm Redness of legs, enlargement of veins of feet and legs and slight temporary pain in head Full bath at 107°F Increased from 72 to 114 bpm Congestion of veins, drowsiness, profuse perspiration Bath at 96°F Decreased from 79 to 64 bpm in 10 min whereas elevation of temperature to 100°F raised pulse to 80 bpm and increase of temperature to 105°F increased pulse to 92 bpm in 15 min Sweating, yawning, debilitated and complaint of weakness in legs Bath at 90°F Decreased pulse in 5 min from 80 to 64 bpm, An elevation of temperature to 100°F raised pulse to73 bpm in 10 min and further increase of temperature to 105°F raised pulse to 118 bpm in 20 min Difficulty in breathing, profuse perspiration The observations made by Dr.Lockette can be tabulated as follows:

19. Dr.Lockette’s conclusions from his investigations: That a temperature below 98°F, does not increase the frequency of the pulse, and may slightly lower it, and doesnot produce sweating. That a temperature of 98°F to 105°F “accelerates the pulse and induces free perspiration, but produces no distressing symptoms.” That a temperature of 105°F “is a powerful stimulant , should never be advised or practiced in inflammatory diseases or states of fever or violently morbid action.”

20. HYDROTHERAPY BY PREISSITNZ At 17 yrs of age, he met with an accident and had bruises, fractures, and injuries. He used- cold applications and packs on effected areas which helped him to recover quickly. He was granted a diploma by Austrian government after official investigation oof his works and methods. The basis of his treatment was perspiration followed by cold application. His study is undertaken by Fleury , published a treatise titled, “ Traite Pratique et Raisonne ‘d’ Hydrotherapie .”

21. SCIENTIFIC HYDROTHERAPY Liebermeister , Brand, Ziemssen in Germany; Winternitz of Vienna- built a scientific hydrotherapy which is based upon definite and accurate data. Hartshore of Philadelphia, in 1847 – published a treatise on use of water. In 1850, Bell - published a comprehensive work on hydrotherapy. In 1883, Winternitz - published a master treatise. Dr.Baruch , New York- gave attention to value of water in treating acute and chronic disorders.

22. REFERENCE Kellog JH. Rational hydrotherapy. 2nd ed. National Institute of Naturopathy, Dept. Of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and FW. Govt. of India, Bapubhavan , Tadiwala Road, Pune: 2005;600-615. Sujatha, Kj & Krishnamurthy, Manjunath. (2022). A Review on Hydrotherapy Practices in Ancient India. Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research. 22-29. 10.9734/ jocamr /2022/v17i130323.

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