Introduction Indian Literature

Introduction to India: Geography, Race, Language, Caste system, Religion.
1. Ancient Indian Literature
2. Medieval Indian Literature
3. Modern Indian Literature
4. Contemporary Indian Literature
5. Characteristics of Indian Literature
6. Influences on Southest Asian Literature

1. Ngọc Duyên – Phương Hoa Nam Linh – Hoàng Nhật

2. An introduction to India “Unity through diversity ” The land of many culture livings.

3. South Asia 29 states and 7 union territories Mountains: Himalayas R ivers : Indus, Ganges the second most populous country Geography Race - Dravia - Arya - Sumeria - Naga - Racial + Greek, Mongolia...

4. 1652 Languages

5. Caste system

6. Religions

7. Indian Literature

8. History of Indian Literature 7th 17th 1947 Ancient Medieval Modern Contemporary

9. Ancient Indian Literature Smriti Shruti

10. Myths Epics Sanskrit Buddhist literature Ancient story

11. Ancient Indian Literature EPIC MYTH ANCIENT STORY

12. INDIAN MYTH

13. - Faith in nature: thousands of spiritual beings - Language structure: language distinguishes strong and weak, good and bad. - People want to know the causes of everyday events. Origin

14. TOTEM Before the Aryans entered India, the Dravian people had a system of gods. VEDA 1500 B.C Aryan maintained and developed, derived from the Veda Sutra. The process of formation

15. MYTH SYSTEM MYTH God of love Myths about cosmic life and time Trimurti The system of creative gods and aquatic ancestors of humans

16. Kritayuga-1728000 years Tretayuga-1296000 years Dwaparayuga-864000 years Kaliyuga-432000 years MYTHS ABOUT COSMIC LIFE AND TIME

17. Visvakarma The founder The system of creative gods and aquatic ancestors of humans Prajapati Human ancestors Purusa The Giant Manu Primitive man

18. GOD OF LOVE KAMA

19. Trimurti Brahma what exists and will exist in the world. Shiva God destroyed Vishnu God of protection

20. Ancient Indian Story The story is said to have been compiled by a scholar who was an old guru named Visnukarman , a Brahman, asking for compilation at the king's request to educate the princes, to be handed down in the people. Around the 2nd century AD, the reformed and compiled to the new fifth century gradually improved . The story is closely linked and uses the frame story structure. At the end of each story is often the maxim, advice, conclusion.

21. Ancient Indian Story There are 5 books written in Sankrit , 75 (or 84) stories. 1. The split of friends: the friendship is broken between cows and lions 2. Make friends: close friendship between crow, mouse, turtle, deer 3. War: between crows and owls 4. Friendship between monkeys and crocodiles 5. Unacceptable behavior .

22. Panchatantra

23. Ancient Indian Story - Conclusion : The ancient Indian tale is the smart bag of humanity, the content is rich, profound, witty, rich in philosophy. - Indian fairy tales are the subject of later compositions in India and Southeast Asia .

24. INDIAN EPIC After the era of myth, the epic continues to create the great foundation of ancient Indian literature that formed over 1,000 BC. The Ganges civilization and the war between the kingdoms on ancient India are the conditions for the epic sets to be born. Indian epic is the vast realistic picture of an ancient Indian society, a great song that praises the feats and feats of mythical heroes, noble and sacred idealists. Extremely magnificent, epic Indian epic, milk gourd is always nurturing art (dance, architecture, painting, sculpture ...) India develops nicely and brilliantly. Ramayana , Mahabharata, Krisna - Radha ... are the immense epic sets of India that amaze and admire the world .

25. Ramayana Origin - Ramayana is said to have been composed by Vanmiki - A Brahmin master - written in writing around the 3-4th century BC, after the Mahabharata, but tells about what happened before the era of Mahabharata - This epic consists of 24,000 double verses, ie 48,000 lines of poetry, less than a quarter of the volume of the poem of the Mahabharata, but more closely arranged. The main theme of the work is the love story between Prince Rama and faithful wife Sita . - Ramayana has a profound influence on dance ( Sita dance) architecture, painting ... - Song I: the lineage and youth of Prince Rama. - Song II: 13 years of exile in the deep forest. - Song III: Sita was kidnapped by the demon king Ravana and taken to the island of Lanka. - Song IV: Rama the monkey king Valin regained the throne for the monkey king Sugriva. Divine alliance. - Song V: Monkey Hanuman spies on the island of Lanka. - Song VI: The fierce, fierce battle between Rama and Ravana . Ravana is destroyed. Sita is saved. - Song VII: Rama is jealous and suspects his wife. Sita jumps into the fire. The Agni spirit illuminated her common patience. Rama and Sita returned to Kosala kingdom. Rama was crowned king . - The Ramayana is a vast picture of ancient Indian society. - Ramayana praises the hero's deeds and morality. - Ramayana praised the faithful heart of women.

26. Sita - Sita and the model of ideal women according to the concept of Brahmanism. - Sensual beauty looks: “lotus eyes”, "coral lips", "round aromatic breasts like ripe fruits", "smooth thighs like elephant taps", "arm tight like creepers“… - The beauty of the soul: the creative imagination of the Brahmin does not imagine which character is more elegant and sacred than Sita . Human literature has never produced a higher ideal of feminine love, feminine truth and feminine devotion .

27. Rama and the four basic stages of humanity in view Brahmanism: Artha Brahmacharya : single period, learning, cultivating to gather knowledge Kama Grahasthya : owns the family, enjoys the happiness of grace and accumulates Dharma Vanaprastha : renounce the family, go to the forest to cultivate asceticism Moshka Sanyasa : completely abandon the finite tangible world and reach the infinite spiritual world

28. Medieval Indian Literature From 7th - 17th century

29. Historical background - The Middle Ages in India were an incessant period of perpetual fluctuation. The end result is a brilliant kaleidoscope of language and literature. Literature mirrored and reflected the intrusion of Islamites and the synthesis of two dominant religions: Hinduism and Islam. => Medieval Indian Literature had developed with the advent of the Bhakti Movement and was greatly influenced by the Hinduism and Islamic beliefs.

30. Characteristics - Written by many languages: Hindi , Bengali, Marathi,… and new languages - Urdu (synthesis of Hinduism and Islam) - The classics of ancient Indian literature was revitalised and recreated in newly languages. - Devotional poetry very developed. The Sanskrit prose became a independent genre.   - Reflected the pressing national problems about social culture and the harmony of cultures in the complicated historical background. - Influenced by both Hinduism and Islam .

31. Authors and works Dandin (flourished late 6th and early 7th centuries) Indian Sanskrit writer of prose romances and expounder on poetics Dasakumaracarita The A dventure of the ten P rinces Kavyadarsha The Mirror of Poetry

32. Tulsidas (about 1532 -1623) Ramcharitmanas - A retelling of the epic Ramayana in the vernacular Awadhi dialect of Hindi. The reincarnation of Valmiki.

33. Kabir (about 15 th century) - Kabir suggested that God was inside every person, everything. - He believed both in Allah of Islam and Rama of Hinduism. - He was threatened by Hindus and Islamites for his opinions but when he died, two religions had claimed him as theirs.

34. The Songs of Kabir His poems praised love, good, justice. They pregnant with Kabir’s philosophy about Brahma, Atman, Maya… The creature is in Brahma, and Brahma is in the creature: they are ever distinct,yet ever united. He Himself is the tree, the seed, and the germ. He Himself is the flower, the fruit, and the shade. He Himself is the sun, the light, and the lighted. He Himself is Brahma, creature, and Maya. He Himself is the manifold form, the infinite space; He is the breath, the word, and the meaning. He Himself is the limit and the limitless: and beyond both the limited and the limitless is He, the Pure Being . ( Translated by Rabindranath Tagore )

35. Modern Indian Literature 18th - mid 20th century

36. Historical background - India was under the domination of British colonial government. - A series of movements for independence broke out, such as Gandhi's Non-violent movement. - In 1925, the Indian Communist Party was born. In 1947, the British government declared separating India into two nations: India and Pakistan.

37. Characteristics - The influence of Western thoughts, with its emphasis on democracy and self-expression. The rising of printing industry, journalism and mass media had shaped the new face of Indian literature . - Indian writers was deeply engaged with social issues. Some of them began writing in prose to represent new realities, moving from the old era of myth and poetry. Their works dealt with the clash between tradition and modernity, nationalism and internationalism.

38. Authors and works Rabindranath Tagore : is the great Bengali poet, philosopher, dramatist and humanist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He translated his own works into English. His poetry is deeply spiritual, praising love, nature and life . Gitanjali (Song Offerings) The collection of poems which made Tagore internationally well-known.

39. Munshi Premchand The novelist who wrote in both Hindi and Urdu. He is less interested in aesthetics but preoccupied with political and social issues. Godan (The Gift of the Cow ) Epic novel of peasant life in North India

40. Mahatma Gandhi The Indian  lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the nationalist movement against the British rule of India. The Story Of My Experiments With The Truth Autobiography

41. Contemporary Indian Literature from 1947 till now

42. Historical background - The revolutionary for independence reached its climax. The British colonial government left India. In 1950, the Republic of India was born . - The impact of globalization: India began open trade to the world, reforming economic freedom, democracy, transforming from tradition to modern, from rural to urban . 1950

43. Characteristics - New literary movements appeared: Chayavad (Neo-romanticism), Nai kahani (New Story), Pragativad (Progressivism, influenced by Marxism), Diaspora literature, Dalit literature, New Criticism, Feminism… - Post-colonial issues. - The voices of minorities (women, migrant…) - The rise of English as a major language of India => Indian - British literature

44. Authors and works To Each his Stranger - Vatsyayan Agyeya

45. A Fine Balance Rohinton Mistry

46. Midnight’s Children - Salman Rushdie

47. The God of Small Things - Arundhati Roy

48. Indian literature is one of the oldest and richest literatures around the world. Characteristics of Indian Literature

49. Indian literature is the multilingual literature . Each language has its regional literature.

50. Indian literature attached to Indian culture, especially the deeply religious spirit .

51. To record great achievements, masterpieces are written in epic form.

52. In Indian literature, there is no border between poetry and prose, art and science, history, philosophy, religion and ethics …

53. Literature exchanged wide and influenced on other literatures: Southeast Asian countries…

54. Indian literature (epics, ancient stories, frame stories,...) became the inspiration and themes for many literary works of Southest Asia. Ramakien of Thailand Reamker of Cambodia

55. Buddhism was born in India and Buddhist literature in this country also influence buddhist literature of Southest Asia.

56. Thank you for listening !