introduction of different tractor systems

lecture on FMPE (Farm Machinery Power Engineering) for B.Tech Agricultural Engineering students

1. Farm Power & Automotive Engines History of Engine & Introduction of Different Tractor Systems Presented By: Akash S. KadDeshmukh Contact No.: 9011109148 / 7219181537

2. CONTENT Farm Power Engine Engine System Intake & Exhaust System Fuel System Lubrication System Cooling System

3. FARM POWER Sources of farm power : (1 ) Tractive work such as seed bed preparation, cultivation, harvesting and transportation (2) Stationary work like silage cutting, feed grinding, threshing, winnowing and lifting of irrigation water. These operations are done by different sources of power, namely human, animal, oil engine, tractor, power tiller, electricity and renewable energy (biogas, solar and wind). Types of farm power : Human power Animal power Mechanical power Renewable energy sources

4. 2. ENGINE A heat engine is a machine, which converts heat energy into mechanical energy. Type of engines : External combustion Internal combustion. In a steam engine the combustion of fuel takes place outside the engine and the steam thus formed is used to run the engine. Thus, it is known as external combustion engine. In the case of internal combustion engine, the combustion of fuel takes place inside the engine cylinder itself.

5. History of Engines Principle of steam Engine :- Jammes Watt- 1764 Railway (Steam Engine):- Stepheson-1814 Petrol Engine:- Nicolous Otto-1876 Two Stroke Engine:- Clark-1880 Diesel Engine :-Rudolf Diesel -1892 Jet Engine :- F Whittle- 1930 Aero plane Engine :-Wright Brothers- 1903 Helicopter Engine:- Fock Henrich-1909

6. Type of Engine : External combustion engine Steam engine Internal combustion engine I. SI (spark ignition) engine two stroke engine Four stroke engine II. CI (compression ignition) engine two stroke engine Four stroke engine

7. 3. ENGINE SYSTEM 1. Intake & Exhaust System 2. Fuel System 3. Lubrication System 4. Cooling System

8. 3.1. INTAKE & EXHAUST SYSTEM The intake and exhaust system deals with the inflow of fresh air and the outflow of used gases in the engine.

9. Air Intake System: This system allows fresh air to enter the engine. Its main parts are: (i) Air Cleaner (Ii) Supercharger (Auxiliary Unit) (Iii) Intake Manifold (Iv) Intake Port (V) Intake Valve.

10. Air Cleaner : The operating efficiency, good performance and durability of an engine depend mainly upon its cleaner. It is a device, which cleans and filters the air before entering the combustion chamber of an engine. Type of air cleaner : (i) Oil wetted mesh type (ii) Dry air type (iii) Wet type or oil bath air cleaners.

11. Dry air cleaner

12. Oil bath air cleaner

13. SUPERCHARGERS: A supercharger is a device for increasing the air pressure into the engine so that more fuel can be burnt and the engine output increased. The pressure inside the manifold of a supercharger engine will be greater than the atmosphere pressure. Supercharged air is provided either by positive displacement rotary blowers or by centrifugal blowers. These may belt driven by engine it self or from a separate power source such as electric motor or from exhaust gas turbine

14. Air Intake Manifold: The inlet manifold is required to deliver into the cylinders either a mixture of fuel and air from the carburettor or only air from air-cleaners. The inlet manifolds are made in one or two pieces either from cast iron or aluminium alloy. They are also bolted from separate castings into a single unit. The manifold flanges are connected to the cylinder block or cylinder head by means of asbestos-copper gaskets, studs and nuts.

15. EXHAUST SYSTEM : The exhaust system collects exhaust gases from the engine and expels them out. The system consists of : (i) exhaust valve (ii) exhaust port (iii) exhaust manifold (iv) turbo charger (auxiliary unit) (v) muffler.

16. EXHAUST MANIFOLD : The exhaust manifold collects exhaust gases from the exhaust ports of various cylinders and conducts them from each end to a central exhaust passage. The exhaust manifolds are designed to avoid the overlapping of exhaust strokes as much as possible, thus keeping the back pressure to a minimum. This is often done by dividing the exhaust manifold into two or more branches so that no two cylinder will exhaust into the same branch at the same time .

17. TURBOCHARGER: This is an exhaust driven turbine, which drives a centrifugal compressor wheel. The compressor passage is usually located between the air cleaner and engine intake manifold, while the turbine is located between the exhaust manifold and muffler.

18. MUFFLER : The muffler reduces the noise of the exhaust gases by reducing the pressure of the used gases by slow expansion and cooling. The muffler contains a number of chambers through which the gas flows. The gas is allowed to expand from the first passage into a much larger second one and then to a still larger third one and so on, to the final and largest passage which is connected to the tail (outlet) pipe of muffler .

19. 3.2. FUEL SYSTEM Fuel is a substance consumed by the engine to produce energy . The common fuels for internal combustion engines are: 1. Petrol 2. Power kerosene 3. High speed diesel oil 4. Light diesel oil.

20. Fuel System 1. SI engine 2. CI engine 1. SI engine fuel supply system : The fuel supply system of spark ignition engine consists of: ( i) Fuel tank ( ii) Fuel filter ( iii) Sediment bowl ( iv) Fuel lift pump ( v) Carburettor ( vi) Fuel pipes ( vii) Inlet manifold

21. FUEL SYSTEM OF DIESEL ENGINE : The main components of the fuel system in diesel engine are : (1) fuel filter ( 2) fuel lift pump ( 3) fuel injection pump ( 4) atomisers and ( 5) high pressure pipe

22. 3.3. LUBRICATION SYSTEM I. C. engine is made of many moving parts there is : wearing moving parts generation of heat loss of power in the engine lubrication is essential to prevent all these harmful effects. Purpose of Lubrication: ( a) Reducing friction effect ( b) Cooling effect (c) Sealing effect (d ) Cleaning effect.

23. Type of Lubrication: Splash Lubrication System Force feed Lubrication System Combination of force feed & Splash Vapor Lubrication System

24. LUBRICATION TYPE

25. 3.4. COOLING SYSTEM Component of Water Cooling System : Radiator Radiator Cap Thermostat Pump Fan Fan Belt Hose Pipe