Introduction of Digestive system part -1

The digestive system is one of the most fascinating and essential systems in the human body. It is not only responsible for breaking down the food we eat but also for absorbing vital nutrients and eliminating waste. Without this system, our body would not be able to convert food into energy or sustain life.

This SlideShare presentation, “Introduction of Digestive System: Anatomy and Physiology Overview”, offers a comprehensive learning resource for students, teachers, and healthcare enthusiasts. It combines structural anatomy (what the organs look like and where they are located) with physiology (how those organs function and interact) in a clear and engaging way.
overview:
Introduction to Digestive Anatomy
Organs of the Digestive System (Anatomy & Location)
Physiology of Digestion
Students: Provides a clear foundation for subjects like biology, nursing, and medicine.

Teachers: Serves as a classroom teaching aid with visuals and structured content.
Healthcare aspirants: Supports preparation for exams like NEET, MCAT, nursing entrance, and paramedical studies.
General learners: Helps understand the connection between diet, digestion, and health.

1. MR. PRANAJIT INTRODUCTION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

2. Introduction of digestive system The purpose of digestion is to change the foodstuffs by mechanical and chemical action to simple forms, which can easily absorbed into blood and utilized by the various tissues in the body. It also involved in maintaining the water and electrolyte in the body. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of an alimentary canal of 8-10 meter length. GI tract is formed by two types of organs 1. Primary digestive organs 2. Accessory digestive organs.

3. Organs of digestive system Primary organs Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Accessory organs Teeth Tongue Salivary glands Exocrine part of pancreas Liver Gallbladder

4. Process of digestion Food is processed within the body in following steps 1. Ingestion Ingestion or taking of food and chewing ( mastication ) are functions performed by mouth, teeth and aided by tongue. 2. Swallowing Pharynx and oesophagus are helping for swallowing 3. Digestion Digestion occurs the stomach and upper part of small intestine.

5. Cont.…… 4. Absorption Absorption can occurs in any parts of alimentary canal ,mainly from small intestine. 5. Excretion Large intestine absorbs major quantity of water and the residue is excreted in the form of feces .

6. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

7. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

8. Mouth Mouth also called oral cavity or buccal cavity. Is in oval shaped cavity inside the skull. The buccal cavity is formed by mussels and bones. The mouth is the 1 st part of the digestive tube. Its lines throughout with mucous membrane.

9. Parts of mouth Lips Vestibule Oral cavity Gums Teeth Hard and soft palate Tongue Uvula Slavery gland

10. Parts of buccal cavity This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

11. Lips and cheeks Lips called labia are fleshy folds lined externally by the skin and internally by the mucous membrane. Cheeks are fleshy flaps forming a large part of each part of the face.

12. Teeth :- Teeth are embedded in the sockets of alveolar ridges of the mandible and maxilla. Two sets of teeth are there Primary teeth Or Temporary teeth Or Deciduous teeth Or Milk teeth Or Baby teeth Parment teeth

13. Teeth Temporary teeth There are 20 temporary teeth Each jaw have 10 sets of teeth Start erupting in oral cavity at the age of 6 month Continue to erupt up to 24 month to 3years Permanent teeth Permanent teeth replace temporary teeth at the age of 6 years. There are 32 teeth 16 in each jaw

14. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

15. Structure of teeth CROWN :- Visible parts of the teeth which is present above the gums. ROOT:- Which part teeth embedded the bone call root. NECK:- Narrow part of the teeth where crown merges with root. DENTINE:- It is less calcified, vital, hard tissue forming the main bulk of tooth. ENAMEL:- It is the hardest tissue in the human body. Covering the crown of the tooth. PULP CAVITY:- It is the soft connective tissue in the central part of the tooth enclosed by dentin. This part contain blood vessels, lymph node and nerve.

16. Structure of teeth This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

17. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

18. Cont.………. There are four basic tooth forms:- Incisors:- 2 in each quadrant of jaws. They are flat, cutting edges. Canines :- One in each quadrant of jaws. They are meant for tearing. Eight incisors and four canines together known as anterior teeth. Premolars :- They are two in each quadrant. They replace deciduous molars. Molars :- There are two deciduous molars and three permanent molars in each quadrant. They are large and strong. They are designed for grinding. They are situated farthest back of the mouth.

19. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

20. Function of teeth, blood & nerves supply Function of teeth( home work) BLOOD SUPPLY : branches of maxillary artery supply the upper & lower set of teeth. NERVES SUPPLY : The teeth of upper jaw are supplied by maxillary nerve. The lower set of teeth are supplied by a brunch of mandibular nerve.

21. Tongue :- Tongue is composed of voluntary muscles and is present at the floor of the mouth. It is attached to hyoid bone at the base and by a fold of its mucous membrane, frenulum to the floor of mouth. The superior surface consists of numerous papillae many of these receptors for the sense of taste in the taste buds. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

22. Parts of tongue Root Body Tip A dorsal surface A ventral surface Two lateral border

23. Structure of tongue:- This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

24. Function of tongue Help during mastication For identifying different taste Help in swallowing ( deglutition) Help in speech Helping in oral cleansing

25. Palate The palate roof of the mouth is form a division between the nasal and oral cavity. This is separated into two distinct part (1) Hard palate (2) Soft palate Hard palate :- located anteriorly. Formed by the palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone. The hard palate is covered by mucous membrane. Soft palate :- located posteriorly. The soft palate is moveable. The soft palate shows a conical process called UVULA.

26. UVULA A curved fold of muscles which hangs between the soft palate. Uvula helps in preventing food entering nasal cavity Helps in speech