INTRODUCTION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

An introduction of Local Government of the Philippines

1. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS PowerPoint Presentation Template Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL OVERVIEW OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION

2. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LOCAL GOVERNMENT Local Government is a political subdivision of the country that oversees local governance . LGUs can be provinces, cities, municipalities, or barangays Local Government Unit (LGU) are responsible for providing direct and basic services to the people and ensuring peace and order within communities . Local Government Unit is a public office, a public corporation, and is classified as municipal corporation proper. The four elements of an LGU are: (1) Legal creation; (2) corporate name; (3) inhabitants and (4) place or territory (Public Corporation, Ruperto G. Martin, 1985) LGU can only exercise its powers within its territorial boundary or jurisdiction . Its power is intramural. As exceptions, an LGU can exercise its powers outside the subdivision ( extramural) on three occasion: namely (1) protection of water supply (2) prevention of nuisance (nuisance refers to actions by someone or something within their control that interfere with rights of either the public or private citizen outside of their property e.g interferes with health, safety and comfort of the affected parties) ; and (3) police purposes. Local governments are administrative agencies and agencies of Government distinguished from national Government, which refers to the entire machinery of the central government (Section 2 [4] and [2, 1987 Administrative Code. Local governance in the Philippines is a system that defines the powers and responsibilities of local governments.

3. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ARTICLE X LOCAL GOVERNMENT According to the Constitution of the Philippines, the local governments "shall enjoy local autonomy", and in which the Philippine president exercises "general supervision". GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1. The territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines are the provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. There shall be autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as hereinafter provided. Section 2. The territorial and political subdivisions shall enjoy local autonomy.

4. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 3. The Congress shall enact a local government code which shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization with effective mechanisms of recall, initiative, and referendum, allocate among the different local government units their powers, responsibilities, and resources, and provide for the qualifications, election, appointment and removal, term, salaries, powers and functions and duties of local officials, and all other matters relating to the organization and operation of the local units. Section 4. The President of the Philippines shall exercise general supervision over local governments. Provinces with respect to component cities and municipalities, and cities and municipalities with respect to component barangays, shall ensure that the acts of their component units are within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions.

5. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 5. Each local government unit shall have the power to create its own sources of revenues and to levy taxes, fees and charges subject to such guidelines and limitations as the Congress may provide, consistent with the basic policy of local autonomy. Such taxes, fees, and charges shall accrue exclusively to the local governments. Section 6. Local government units shall have a just share, as determined by law, in the national taxes which shall be automatically released to them. Section 7. Local governments shall be entitled to an equitable share in the proceeds of the utilization and development of the national wealth within their respective areas, in the manner provided by law, including sharing the same with the inhabitants by way of direct benefits.

6. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 8. The term of office of elective local officials, except barangay officials, which shall be determined by law, shall be three years and no such official shall serve for more than three consecutive terms. Voluntary renunciation of the office for any length of time shall not be considered as an interruption in the continuity of his service for the full term for which he was elected. Section 9. Legislative bodies of local governments shall have sectoral representation as may be prescribed by law. Section 10. No province, city, municipality, or barangay may be created, divided, merged, abolished, or its boundary substantially altered, except in accordance with the criteria established in the local government code and subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite in the political units directly affected.

7. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 11. The Congress may, by law, create special metropolitan political subdivisions, subject to a plebiscite as set forth in Section 10 hereof. The component cities and municipalities shall retain their basic autonomy and shall be entitled to their own local executive and legislative assemblies. The jurisdiction of the metropolitan authority that will thereby be created shall be limited to basic services requiring coordination. Section 12. Cities that are highly urbanized, as determined by law, and component cities whose charters prohibit their voters from voting for provincial elective officials, shall be independent of the province. The voters of component cities within a province, whose charters contain no such prohibition, shall not be deprived of their right to vote for elective provincial officials. Section 13. Local government units may group themselves, consolidate or coordinate their efforts, services, and resources for purposes commonly beneficial to them in accordance with law.

8. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 14. The President shall provide for regional development councils or other similar bodies composed of local government officials, regional heads of departments and other government offices, and representatives from non-governmental organizations within the regions for purposes of administrative decentralization to strengthen the autonomy of the units therein and to accelerate the economic and social growth and development of the units in the region.

9. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 2, Chapter 1, Title One, General Provisions of the Local Government Code of 1991, states the following:   (a) It is hereby declared the policy of the State that the territorial and political subdivisions of the State shall enjoy genuine and meaningful local autonomy to enable them to attain their fullest development as self-reliant communities and make them more effective partners in the attainment of national goals. Toward this end, the State shall provide for a more responsive and accountable local government structure instituted through a system of decentralization whereby local government units shall be given more powers, authority, responsibilities, and resources. The process of decentralization shall proceed from the national government to the local government units. (b) It is also the policy of the State to ensure the accountability of local government units through the institution of effective mechanisms of recall, initiative and referendum.   (c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, non-governmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the community before any project or program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions.   Thus, it is necessary for the public administration practitioner to fully understand the interrelationship and the mechanics in the operations in local government administration – autonomy; relationship with the national government; powers, functions, responsibilities, and resources; and accountability of local government units.

10. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Section 2, Chapter 1, Title One, General Provisions of the Local Government Code of 1991, states the following:   ( ( c) It is likewise the policy of the State to require all national agencies and offices to conduct periodic consultations with appropriate local government units, non-governmental and people's organizations, and other concerned sectors of the community before any project or program is implemented in their respective jurisdictions.   Thus, it is necessary for the public administration practitioner to fully understand the interrelationship and the mechanics in the operations in local government administration – autonomy; relationship with the national government; powers, functions, responsibilities, and resources; and accountability of local government units.

11. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEVELS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

12. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HIGLY URBANIZED CITY BARANGAY PROVINCE MUNICIPALITY COMPONENT CITY BARANGAY BARANGAY

13. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph THREE LEVELS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS OR LGUS PROVINCES & INDEPENDENT/HIGHLY CITIES COMPONENT CITIES & MUNICIPALITIES BARANGAYS AUTONOMOUS REGION SITIOS AND PUROKS

14. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph AUTONOMOUS REGIONS Autonomous regions have more powers than other local governments. The constitution limits the creation of autonomous regions to Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras but only one autonomous region exists: the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). In 2001, a plebiscite in the ARMM confirmed the previous composition of the autonomous region and added Basilan (except for the city of Isabela) and Marawi City in Lanao del Sur. Isabela City remains a part of the province of Basilan despite rejecting inclusion in the ARMM. A Cordillera Autonomous Region has never been formed because no plebiscite has received the required support . An autonomous region is governed by the regional governor and a legislature such as the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly.

15. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph BARMM was established in view of the ratification of Republic Act No. 11054, referred to as the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL), to serve as a basic law for the region which was signed into law by President Rodrigo R. Duterte on July 26, 2018 adopting a parliamentary system in an area of a country with a presidential system of government, via a two-part legally-binding plebiscite in Western Mindanao held on January 21 and February 6, 2019; then consequently confirmed on January 25, 2019 by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) organized by the national government replacing the now dissolved ARMM. BARMM Administrative divisions: As a Philippine administrative region and part of Mindanao island group, Bangsamoro’s local government units cover 5 provinces, namely, Basilan, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao , Sulu, and Tawi Tawi , the independent component city of Cotabato , two (2) component cities ( Lamitan and Jolo , the provincial capital of Basilan and Sulu, respectively), 116 municipalities, and 2,590 barangays (including select 63 out of 67 of Cotabato province handed over expanding territorial scope as a result of the plebiscite’s second part. The regional center is the City of Cotabato ).

16. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph PROVINCES Outside the lone autonomous region, the provinces are the highest-level local government. The provinces are organized into component cities and municipalities. A province is governed by the governor and a legislature known as the Sangguniang Panlalawigan .

17. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES Municipal government in the Philippines is divided into three – I ndependent Cities , Component Cities , and Municipalities (sometimes referred to as towns). Several cities across the country are "independent cities" which means that they are not governed by a province, even though like Iloilo City the provincial capitol might be in the city. Independent city residents do not vote for nor hold provincial offices. Far more cities are component cities and are a part of a province. Municipalities are always a part of a province except for Pateros which was separated from Rizal to form Metro Manila. Cities and municipalities are governed by mayors and legislatures, which are called the Sangguniang Panlungsod in cities and the Sangguniang Bayan in municipalities.

18. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph BARANGAYS Every city and municipality in the Philippines is divided into barangays, the smallest of the Local Government Units. Barangays can be further divided into sitios and puroks but those divisions do not have leaders elected in formal elections supervised by the national government. A barangay's executive is the Punong Barangay or barangay captain and its legislature is the Sangguniang Barangay, composed of barangay captain, the Barangay Kagawads (barangay councilors) and the SK chairman. The SK chairman also leads a separate assembly for youth, the Sangguniang Kabataan or SK.

19. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph OFFICES Local governments have two branches: EXECUTIVE and LEGISLATIVE . All courts in the Philippines are under the Supreme Court of the Philippines and therefore there are no local-government controlled judicial branches. Nor do local governments have any prosecutors or public defenders, as those are under the jurisdiction of the national government. The EXECUTIVE BRANCH is composed of the REGIONAL GOVERNOR for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, GOVERNOR for the provinces, MAYOR for the cities and municipalities, and the barangay captain for the barangays.

20. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEGISLATURES The legislatures review the ordinances and resolutions enacted by the legislatures below. Aside from regular and ex-officio members, the legislatures above the barangay level also have three sectoral representatives, one each from women, agricultural or industrial workers, and other sectors.

21. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE COMPOSITION HEAD AUTONOMOUS REGION REGIONAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY total of 24 members: Lanao del Sur ,  Maguindanao  (excluding  Cotabato City ),  Sulu : 6 each, 3 elected from each assembly district Basilan  (except  Isabela City ),  Tawi-Tawi : 3 each, elected at-large Sectoral representatives ASSEMBLY SPEAKER

22. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE COMPOSITION HEAD PROVINCE SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN varies, as of  2019 : Cavite : 16 SP members, 2 elected from each district Cebu : 14 SP members, 2 elected from each district Batangas ,  Isabela ,  Negros Occidental  and  Pangasinan : 12 SP members, 2 elected from each district All other  provinces of the first and second income classes : 10 SP members, with seat distribution among districts varying. Provinces of the third and fourth income classes : 8 SP members, with seat distribution among districts varying. Provinces of the fifth and sixth income classes : 6 SP members, 3 per district President of the provincial chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay President of the provincial chapter of the League of Councilors   President of the provincial federation of the  Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives VICE GOVERNOR

23. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE COMPOSITION HEAD CITY SANGGUNIANG PANLUNGSOD varies, as of  2019 : Manila  and  Quezon City : 36 councilors , 6 elected from each district Davao City : 24 councilors , 8 elected from each district Antipolo ,  Cagayan de Oro ,  Cebu City ,  Makati ,  Muntinlupa ,  Parañaque ,  Taguig ,  Zamboanga City : 16 councilors , 8 elected from each district Bacoor ,  Calbayog ,  San Jose del Monte , and all other cities in  Metro Manila : 12 councilors , 6 elected from each district Samal ,  Sorsogon City : 12 councilors , 4 elected from each district Bacolod ,  Baguio ,  Batangas City ,  Biñan ,  Calamba ,  Dasmariñas ,  General Santos ,  Iligan ,  Iloilo City ,  Imus ,  Lapu-Lapu ,  Lipa ,  San Fernando (La Union) ,  Tuguegarao : 12 councilors , elected at-large All other cities: 10 councilors , elected at-large President of the city chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay President of the city federation of the Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives VICE MAYOR

24. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE COMPOSITION HEAD MUNICIPALITY SANGGUNIANG BAYAN varies, as of  2016 : Pateros, Metro Manila : 12 councilors , 6 elected from each district All other municipalities: 8 councilors , elected at-large President of the municipal chapter of the Liga ng mga Barangay President of the municipal federation of the Sangguniang Kabataan Sectoral representatives VICE MAYOR

25. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE COMPOSITION HEAD BARANGAY SANGGUNIANG BARANGAY 7 members elected at-large Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson BARANGAY CAPTAIN

26. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Elected officials All elected officials have 3-year terms, and can only serve a maximum of three consecutive terms before being ineligible for reelection LGU Official Minimum age (18 is the  voting age ] ) AUTONOMOUS REGION Regional governor 35 years old on election day Regional vice governor Same as regional governor Regional legislative assembly member 21 years old on election day PROVINCES Governor 23 years old on election day Vice governor Same as governor Sangguniang Panlalawigan member Same as governor HIGHLY URBANIZED CITIES Mayor Same as governor Vice mayor Same as governor Sangguniang Panlungsod member (Councilor) Same as governor

27. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph Elected officials All elected officials have 3-year terms, and can only serve a maximum of three consecutive terms before being ineligible for reelection LGU Official Minimum age (18 is the  voting age ] ) INDEPENDENT COMPONENT AND COMPONENT CITIES Mayor 21 years old on election day Vice mayor Same as independent component and component city mayor Sangguniang Panlungsod member ( Councilor ) Same as independent component and component city mayor MUNICIPALITIES Mayor Same as independent component and component city mayor Vice mayor Same as independent component and component city mayor Sangguniang Bayan member (Councilor) Same as independent component and component city mayor

28. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph * a Sangguniang Kabataan official who has surpassed 21 years of age while in office is allowed to serve for the rest of the term. LGU Official Minimum age (18 is the  voting age ] ) INDEPENDENT COMPONENT AND COMPONENT CITIES Mayor 21 years old on election day BARANGAY Punong Barangay 18 years old on election day Barangay kagawad Same as Punong Barangay Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson 15 to 24 years old on election day* Sangguniang Kabataan member Same as Sangguniang Kabataan chairperson*

29. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph RESPONSIBILITIES Among the social services and facilities that local government should provide, as stipulated in Section 17 of the Local Government Code, are the following: • facilities and research services for agriculture and fishery activities, which include seedling nurseries, demonstration farms, and irrigation systems; • health services, which include access to primary health care, maternal and child care, and medicines, medical supplies and equipment; • social welfare services, which include programs and projects for women, children, elderly, and persons with disabilities , as well as vagrants, beggars, street children, juvenile delinquents, and victims of drug abuse; information services, which include job placement information systems and a public library; • a solid waste disposal system or environmental management system;

30. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph RESPONSIBILITIES • municipal/city/provincial buildings, cultural centers, public parks, playgrounds, and sports facilities and equipment; • infrastructure facilities such as roads, bridges, school buildings, health clinics, fish ports, water supply systems, seawalls, dikes, drainage and sewerage, and traffic signals and road signs; • public markets, slaughterhouses, and other local enterprises; • public cemetery; • tourism facilities and other tourist attractions; and • sites for police and fire stations and substations and municipal jail.

31. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LGU Creation Criteria As a matter of principle, higher legislative entities have the power to create, divide, merge, abolish, or substantially alter boundaries of any lower-level local government through a law or ordinance, all subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite to be conducted by the  C OMELEC in the local government unit or units directly affected. The Local Government Code has also set requisites for creating lo cal government units. A summary can be found in the table below: *either area or population; meeting only one of these requirements is sufficient The ARMM Regional Assembly was conferred by Congress (through Article VI, Section 19 of Republic Act 9054 [7] ) the power to create or modify lower-level LGUs under its jurisdiction, including provinces and cities.

32. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA POPULATION INCOME LEGISLATIVE BODIES THAT CAN CREATE, MERGE, ABOLISH OR SUBSTANTIALLY ALTER THE BOUNDARIES OF THE LGU PROVINCE 2,000 square kilometers * 250,000* ₱ 20 million for the last two (2) consecutive years based on 1991 constant prices Congress CITY 100 square kilometers * 150,000* ₱ 100 million for the last two (2) consecutive years based on 2000 constant prices [9] Congress MUNICIPALITY 50 square kilometers 25,000 ₱ 2.5 million for the last two (2) consecutive years based on 1991 constant prices Congress ARMM Regional Assembly BARANGAY None 5,000 ( Metro Manila  and highly urbanized cities) 2,000 (rest of the country) None Congress ARMM Regional Assembly Sangguniang Panlalawigan , with recommendation from the concerned Sangguniang Bayan(s) required Sangguniang Panlungsod

33. THE TITLE OF YOUR RESEARCH PAPER / THESIS Your Name University Name Program Title Name Of Advisor www.perpetual.edu.ph THANK YOU!