Introduction of machines and mechanism

this is presentation of kinematics of machine and this is about machines and mechanism (primary). and about many secondary and other mechanism

1. Created by: -
Manthan Kanani
BRANCH:- Mechanical Engg.

2. Group Members:- Enroll. No.
Manthan Kanani 140050119028
Ishant Kalra 140050119027
Pratik Kanani 140050119029
Rajneesh Joshi 140050119026

4.  The theory of machines in an applied science which is used to
understand the relative motion between the geometry and motions
of the parts of a machine or the mechanisms and the study of forces
which produce these motion.
 the study of mechanism involves both their Alalysis as well
synthesis.
Analysis involves the study of motions and analysis as well as
synthesis.
Synthesis involves the design of various parts of machines
concerning its shape and size, material and to be used and the
arrangement of parts so that the resulting machine can perform the
desired tasks.

5. • Kinematics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the relative motion between the
various parts of the machines with out forces
applying to it.
• Dynamics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the forces and their effects, while
acting upon the machine parts in motion.
• Kinetics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the inertia forces which arise from
the combined effect of the mass and motion of
the machine parts.
• Statics
It is that branch of Theory of Machines which
deals with the forces and their effects while the
machine parts are at rest. The mass of the
parts is assumed to be negligible.
Actual Reciprocating steam machine

6. Each part of machine which has relative motion to some other part of the machine
is known as Kinematic link or an element.
A link is not necessary a rigid body but it is a resistance body. A resistant body is
one which is capable of transmitting the required motion and forces with negligible
deformation.
Types of links is shown below.
•The link which do not undergo an appreciable
deformation while transmitting the required motion and
forces are called rigid link
•The link which are partly deformed while transmitting
motion in such a way they do not affected the required
transmission of motion are called flexible link
•The links which transmit the motion by fluid pressure
as compression are called fluid link

7.  When two kinematic link are connected in such a way
that their motion is either completely or successfully
constrained , these links are said to form a kinematic pair.
 Types of Kinematics pairs:
• Nature of relative motion between the links.
• Nature of contact between the links.
• Nature of mechanical arrangement between the links.

8. Classification according to nature of relative motion between the links
Slider or prismatic pair
Turning or Revolute pair
Screw or Helical pair
Rolling pair Spherical or Globular pair

9. Classification according to nature of contact between the link
Cam and follower lower
pair
Higher pair cylinder and
surface
Classification according to the mechanical arrangement
Self closed pair
Force closed pair

10. Binary joint
Quaternary joint
Ternary joint

11. Binary link
The link which can be attached in mechanism
at two points is called as binary link is shown
in fig.
Binary joint
When two links are joined at the same
connection to form a kinematic chain, the
joint is known as binary joint as shown in fig.

12. Inversions
Different mechanism by fixing different link of slider crank chain are as follows :
First inversion This inversion is obtained when link
FIRST INVERSION (ground body) is fixed. Application- Reciprocating engine, Reciprocating compressor
etc...
Second inversion This inversion is obtained when link
SECOND INVERSION (crank) is fixed. Application- Whitworth quick return mechanism, Rotary engine,
etc...
Third inversion This inversion is obtained when link
THIRD INVERSION (connecting rod) is fixed. Application- Slotted crank mechanism, Oscillatory engine
etc..,
Fourth inversion This inversion is obtained when link
FOURTH INVERSION (slider) is fixed. Application- Hand pump, pendulum pump or Bull engine, etc...
Slider crank chain inversion. When one of the turning pairs of a four-bar chain is replaced by
a sliding pair, it becomes a single slider crank chain or simply slider crank chain. This
mechanism is composed of three important parts: The crank which is the rotating disc, the slider
which slides inside the tube and the connecting rod which joins the parts together. As the slider
moves to the right the connecting rod pushes the wheel round for the first 180 degrees of wheel
rotation. When the slider begins to move back into the tube, the connecting rod pulls the wheel
round to complete the rotation.

13. FIRST INVERSION
Gnome engine
Whitworth quick return mehanism
SECOND
INVERSION

14. THIRD INVERSION
FOURTH INVERSION
Hand pump

15. The Scotch yoke (also known as slotted link
mechanism) is a reciprocating motion
mechanism, converting the linear motion of a
slider into rotational motion, or vice versa. The
piston or other reciprocating part is directly
coupled to a sliding yoke with a slot that engages
a pin on the rotating part. The location of the
piston versus time is a sine wave of constant
amplitude, and constant frequency given a
constant rotational speed
This is used to connect two
parallel shafts when they are
not co-axial and the distance
between their centre lines is
small
Oldham’s coupling
Scotch mechanism

16. A trammel of Archimedes is a
mechanism that traces out an ellipse. It
consists of two shuttles which are confined
("trammelled") to perpendicular channels or
rails, and a rod which is attached to the
shuttles by pivots at fixed positions along
the rod. As the shuttles move back and
forth, each along its channel, the end of the
rod moves in an elliptical path. The semi-
axes a and b of the ellipse are the
distances between the end of the rod and
the two pivots. An ellipsograph is a
trammel of Archimedes intended to draw,
cut, or machine ellipses, e.g. in wood or
other sheet materials. An ellipsograph has
the appropriate instrument (pencil, knife,
router, etc.) attached to the rod. Usually the
distances a and b are adjustable, so that
the size and shape of the ellipse can be
varied.
Elliptical mechanism

17. Created by :-
MANTHAN KANANI