Introduction to Algae and its classification

Introduction to Algae and its classification

1. Introduction to ALGAE: General
Characteristics & Classification
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2. ALGAE: THALLUS DIVERSITY
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3. ALGAE: THALLUS DIVERSITY
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4. ALGAE: THALLUS DIVERSITY
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5. ALGAE: THALLUS DIVERSITY
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6. ALGAE: THALLUS DIVERSITY
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7. Definition
-Algaeare eukaryoticorganisms,Some algae
may be Prokaryotic (cyanobacteria).
-Most algae are photoautotrophicand carry
on photosynthesis (meaning they use sunlight
and chlorophyll to make food).
-At one time, algae were thought to be
plants, but are not because they lack roots,
stems and leaves.
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8. Characteristics
-A group of chlorophyll containing thalloid
plants.
-Thallus: Undifferentiated plant body
-Not differentiated into true roots, stem and
leaf or leaf like organ.
-Placed in the division Thallophytaalong with
fungi and lichens.
-Most of algae are autotrophs(synthesize food
using light energy).
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9. Characteristics
-Range in size from microscopic to single
celled organisms to large seaweed.
-Most are free-living in fresh and marine
water –plankton.
-May or may not have flagella.
-Contain chloroplasts with chlorophylland
other pigments.
-Often contain pyrenoids, organelles that
synthesis and store starch.
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10. Characteristics
-Differ from Fungi:
-Presence of photosynthetic
pigment –chlorophyll.
-Mode of nutrition (autotrophs)
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11. HABITAT
-Majority are aquatic, universal occurrence.
-Sex organs are unicellular.
-Sex organs lack jacket cells around them.
-If jacket cells are present, they have different origin.
-There is progressive complexity in reproduction.
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12. Where can Algae live ?
• Soil → Nostoc sp.
• Sea water → Diatoms
• Fresh water → Volvox sp
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23. FUNDAMENTAL DISCOVERIES AND
ORIGIN OF ALGAE
-The name for a person or scientist who studies algae is called a phycologist.
-Phycologyis the study of algae.
-William Henry Harveyis considered the father of psychology.
-In his lifetime, he traveled to many places and cataloged over 10,000 species of algae.
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24. Activity 1: Story writing
Using any one of the online story writing aplet, write the
story of discovery and origin of algae and the legends
involved behind it.
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25. STRUCTURE
-Four types of algae
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Unicellular
•Chlamydomonas
Colonial
•Volvox
Filamentous
•Spirogyra
Multicellular
•Ulvasp.
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26. AlgaeClassification
-According to FiveKingdome classificationsystem which was
suggested by Ropert Wittaker in 1969, the 5 kingdoms were (Monera,
Protista, Plants, Animals, Fungi).
-Algae is included in Kingdome Monerawhich contains Cyanophyta or
blue green algae and Kingdom Protista which contains all other
groups of algae.
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27. Classification of algal division based on:
1-Biochemical criteria:
A-pigments.
B-storage products.
C-cell wall composition.
2-Morphological criteria.
3-genetic differences.
4-many can survive desiccation for several years
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28. ALGAL CLASSES:
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29. Kingdome
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Protista
A. Euglenophyta
B. Chlorophyta(Green algae)
C.Chrysophyta(yellow-
green)
D. Bacillariophyta(diatoms)
E. Phaeophyta (brown algae)
F. Rhodophyta (red algae)
Monera
(Cyanobacter
ia)
Cyanophyta.
Division
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30. Cyanobacteria or Blue-green algae
-Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic, Prokaryotic means they don't have a
membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria or other type of membrane-
bound organelle (like true algae do).
-Cyanobacteria also contain other pigments such as the
phycobiliproteins which include phycocyanin (blue), allophycocyanin
(blue) and sometimes phycoerythrine (red).
-Cyanobacteria also has the ability to fix nitrogen, therefore, the
bacteria plays a significant role in the nitrogen cycle as well as in the
cycles of oxygen and carbon.
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31. E.X: Nostoc Sp.
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-Example:

32. Gloeocapsasp.
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33. 2-Kingdom: Protista
1-Division: Euglenophyta
2-Division: Chlorophyta
3-Division: Bacillariophyta
4-Division: Xanthophyta
5-Division: Charophyta
6-Division: Phaeophyta
7-Division: Rhodophyta
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34. Euglenophyta
E.X: Euglena Sp.
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35. Chlamydomonassp.
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-The green algae include unicellular and multicellular algae.
They have cell walls made of cellulose and pectin.
-Pigments: Chlorophylls a, and b.
-They are mostly fresh water.
-Food is reserve starch which is stored in pyrenoids.
Example:
Chlorophyta(Green Algae)
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Spirogyrasp
Chlorophyta(Green Algae)
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37. Volvoxsp.
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Chlorophyta(Green Algae)
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38. Hydrodictyonsp.
Chlorophyta(Green Algae)
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-Chrysophytes(Chrysophyceae, Heterokontophyta) are
mainly unicellular or colonial golden-brown algae.
-most of them are found in fresh waters.
-chloroplasts contain large amounts of the pigment
fucoxanthin.
-Vaucheriasp. species are characterized by
multinucleate tubularbranches that lack cross walls.
Chryophyta (Xanthophyceae or yellow-green algae)
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40. Diatoms
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41. Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
-Brown algae are multicellular.
-They grow on rocks in shallow water of the sea.
-Large brown algae are called kelps. Kelps may grow densely in the sea
and form kelp forests. They form important food sources for fish and
invertebrates.
-The brown algae growing on rocks are known as rockweed.
-Example of rockweed isSargassum. Alginis a substance derived from
some algae which is used in making ice cream, lotion and plastics.
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42. E.X: Fucussp.
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
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43. Sargassumsp.
Phaeophyta(Brown Algae)
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44. E.X: Batrachospermum sp.
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
-Red algae are mostly large and multicellular.
-They grow in oceans.
-Carrageanand agar are glue-like substances in red-algae. Agaris used
as a medium used for growing bacteria andother organisms under
laboratory conditions.
-Agar is also used to make gelatin capsules. and a base for cosmetics.
-Carrageanis used as a stabilizer and thickener in dairy products. It is also
used to give toothpaste its creamy texture
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a variety of Algae under the microscope.
Draw a labeled diagram of each slide observed.
(Take the help of the book or different websites). Submit the
report for verification.
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