Introduction to American Codes presentation cover American codes background.

Familarization to American codes.

1. Introduction to American Codes

2. Introduction to American Codes Agenda Introduction Safety Topic Overview of American Codes American Codes vs Euro Codes Familiarization to ASCE 7 (Basic Loads & Load Combinations) Acquaintance to ACI 318 (Concrete Design) Acquaintance to AISC 360 (Structural Steel Design) To be covered later

3. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor Understand thru Lesson learnt on real life incident/accident. Involved Collapse of structural steel supported walkway floors suspended from roof at one of the reputed Hotel. Consequence – loss of substantial life and injuries, earned reputation Emphasize importance on Interface with fabricator Review and Approval of fabricator drawings and calculation Proper Communication i.e. formal and written Responsibility & Accountability Constructability aspects Last but not least, changes/revisions (Member size, connection or even small or miscellaneous items also needs equal attention)

4. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor

5. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor At one of the reputed hotel, Speculators standing at 2nd and 4th floor suspended walkways within the atrium enjoying dance party going on at ground floor. Two suspended walkways collapsed (2nd and 4th floors) which was located one directly above the other.

6. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor

7. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor Failure of walkway at 2 nd & 4 th Floor View of the 4th floor support beam

8. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor

9. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor (a) Original connection design ; each nut takes the load (P) of one walkway (because the load of the NEXT walkway is transmitted through the single, continuous steel rod, not through the nut) (b) Modified design (done due to constructability issues) that ultimately led to the failure of the walkways due to one nut having to bear the load of two walkways (2P)

10. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor Investigation Conclusion / Lesson Learnt: Engineering team failed to review initial design and accepted fabricator’s proposal plan via phone call. Lack of proper communication among engineering team and fabricator Missed constructability aspects Overlooked review of fabrication drawings, calculation and details Assuming transfer of responsibilities and accountabilities. Never assume someone else has double-checked the details. ( T he design flaw was so obvious that "any first-year engineering student could figure it out," if only it had been checked ) Onsite workers neglected to report noticeable beam bending

11. Introduction to American Codes Safety Topic – Interface with Fabricator / Vendor Remember !! Design as Revision (With prior communication and approval from Project in timely manner). It’s not done until it’s built to fulfil its intended design.

12. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes ANSI - American National Standards Institute. https://ansi.org/ Main organization supporting the development of technology Standards to national & global priorities. Not itself a standards developing organization. Primary goal is to identify and support development of standards in collaboration with industry groups and accredited standard developers (ASD). ANSI is US representative at ISO. ANSI accredits the standards developed by ASDs by reviewing and approving the procedures and by affirming that the completed standards conform to its American National and Global Standards requirements.

13. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes Accredited Standard Developers - More than 200 ASDs produces the standards in different disciplines. Key ASDs for Civil & Structural Design ASCE - American Society of Civil Engineering ACI – American Concrete Institute AISC – American Institute of Steel Construction ASTM – American Standard for Testing and Materials AWS – American Welding Society Units of Measurement – Imperial and Metric Revision at regular interval

14. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes Mainly American codes are divided into two sections; Standard Provisions - Mandatory Commentaries Section - Help you to understand how the provisions were determined and how to apply them.

15. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of key ASCE Codes for Load and Load combinations - https://www.asce.org/ ASCE 7 – 22 : Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures (For DL, LL, Thermal loads, Wind load and Seismic loads) ASCE 37 – 16 : Design of Loads on Structure during Construction ASCE 59 – 22 : Blast protection of buildings Guide to the Seismic Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16 Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE 7-16

16. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) ASCE Steel Tools - https://www.steeltools.org/

17. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) ASCE Steel Tools - https://www.steeltools.org/ - Continued…

18. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) ASCE Hazard Tool - https://asce7hazardtool.online/

19. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Design Guidelines by ASCE Petrochemical Energy Committee Design of Anchor Bolts in Petrochemical Facilities Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities Design of Secondary Containment in Petrochemical Facilities Seismic Evaluation and Design of Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities Wind Loads for Petrochemical and Other Industrial Facilities (Though the committee membership and the intent of this document are directed to petrochemical facilities, these guidelines are applicable to similar situations in other industries. In the area of new design, these guidelines emphasize interpretations of the intent of building codes as applied to petrochemical facilities and practical guidance on design details and considerations that are not included in building codes.)

20. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Design Guidelines by ASCE Petrochemical Energy Committee – Continued..

21. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes ACI Publications Standards (Codes and Specifications) Two Types – Design codes and Construction specifications Mandatory language Include code requirements, code cases, acceptance criteria, and design specifications

22. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes Practices (Guides & Reports) ACI guides are Non-mandatory & provide recommendations for analysis, design, specifying, selection, evaluation, testing, construction, or repair of concrete materials or structures. ACI reports provide information on concrete technology in the committee's area of expertise TechNotes TechNotes are narrowly focused, single-topic guides, usually practice oriented. A TechNote presents specific direction on a particular issue, and may contain pictures, figures, tables, and numeric examples.

23. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes Handbooks & Manuals Handbook typically contain charts, tables, and examples to facilitate design of concrete structures, formwork, and reinforcement detailing. Examples are provided to illustrate the steps in designing or detailing. Manuals often include compendiums of relevant ACI documents referenced by ACI standards, which engineers, contractors, and/or inspectors find valuable to have readily accessible.

24. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ACI publications for Concrete Design - Publications (concrete.org) ACI 318 – 19 : Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary ACI 350 – 20 : Code requirements for environmental engineering concrete structures ACI 351.2R – 10 : Report on Foundations for Static Equipment (Reapproved 2020) ACI 351.3R - 18 : Report on Foundations for Dynamic Equipment ACI 224R-01 – 08 : Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures ACI 360R - 10 : Guide to Design of Slabs-on-Ground ACI 543R -12 : Guide to Design, Manufacture, and Installation of Concrete Piles

25. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ACI publications for Concrete Design – Continued… ACI 301 - 16 : Specifications for structural concrete for buildings ACI 117 - 10 : Standard tolerances for concrete construction and materials and commentary ACI 315 (MNL-66(20)) : ACI Detailing Manual SP-17(14) (Vol – 1 & 2) : ACI Design Handbook (The Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook - A Companion to ACI 318-14) CRSI – Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute ( https://www.crsi.org/ ) offers many industry-trusted technical publications, standards documents, design aids & reference materials (For e.g. Design Guide for Pile Caps)

26. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ACI publications for Concrete Design – Continued…

27. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key AISC Codes for Structural Steel and Connection design - https://www.aisc.org/publications/ ANSI/AISC 360 – 22 : Specifications for structural steel buildings AISC 341 – 22 : Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings RCSC 2020 (Research Council on Structural Connections) : Specifications for structural joints using high-strength bolts AISC Steel Construction Manual 16 th Edition based o n AISC 360-22 AISC Seismic Design Manual 3 rd Edition based on AISC 341 - 16

28. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key AISC Codes for Structural Steel and Connection design – Continued.. Companion to AISC Steel Construction Manual 15 th Edition – Volume 1 – Design Examples (Member design, connection design and stability analysis)

29. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) AISC Design Guides Provide comprehensive guidance on specialized technical topics relevant to structural steel design Concise, practical, and accessible tools to assist engineers with everyday design challenges.

30. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ASTM Codes for Materials properties – https://www.astm.org/ For Structural Steel : ASTM A36/A36M-14, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel ASTM A572/A572M-15, Standard Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel ASTM A992/A992M-11(2015), Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes ASTM F3125/F3125M-15, Standard Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steel and Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040 MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions

31. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ASTM Codes for Materials properties – For Structural Steel : - Continued.. ASTM F436-19 - Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions ASTM A563-15 - Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts ASTM F1554-20 - Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55, and 105-ksi Yield Strength

32. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ASTM Codes for Materials properties – Continued… Material Shop-Standard Material Grade W and WT ASTM A992/A992M M, S, MT and ST ASTM A36/A36M HP ASTM A572/A572M Grade 50 L ASTM A36/A36M C and MC ASTM A36/A36M HSS ASTM A500/A500M Grade C Steel Pipe ASTM A53/A53M Grade B Plates and Bars ASTM A36/A36M

33. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key ASTM Codes for Materials properties – Continued… For Concrete ASTM A615-20 - Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM C33-17 – Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates ASTM C150-21 – Standard Specification for Portland Cement ASTM A775-19 - Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing Bars

34. Introduction to American Codes Overview of American Codes (More frequently used for C&S design) List of Key AWS codes for welding design - https://www.aws.org/home AWS D1.1 – 2020 : Structural Welding Code

35. Introduction to American Codes American Codes vs Euro Codes Basic difference American Codes Euro Codes Strength Design Method Applies Strength Reduction factors to Strength Limit State Method Applies Partial safety factors

36. Introduction to American Codes American Codes vs Euro Codes – Continued..

37. Introduction to American Codes American Codes vs Euro Codes – Continued.. Strength calculation comparison – For e.g. American code Euro code

38. Introduction to American Codes Familiarization to ASCE 7 (Basic Loads & Load Combinations) ASCE 7-05 vs 7-10/16 onwards Familiarization to ASCE 7-16