Introduction to Anthropology Four Field 101.pptx

Anthro

1. Introduction to Social Anthropology Course Instructor: Mr. Muneeb ur Rehman

2. Introduction ‘ Anthropos’ is for man and by extension ‘humankind’ ‘ Logos ’ or logy is for study or ‘science of’ (logical/systemic) Anthropological perspective is vital for any field of study. Four Field Approach Archaeology Physical/Biological Anthropology Social Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology

3. Key Terms to Define Holistic & Comparative Study of Humankind and its Culture Observation Field work Reconstruction of History Sign & Symbols Material Culture Remains, artifacts and pattern of living

4. Sir E.B. Tylor’s Definition of Culture Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society . (Britannica)

5. Culture (Greek Plum Pudding/Yoghurt) L earned (imitation) Transmitted (symbols) Shared (among members) Integrated Patterned Adaptive Diffused

6. Culture is Learned Enculturation is learning the ways of a culture. Verbal, Demonstration and Participation. Yanomama Male Hunters & Female Gardeners. https://www.globerovers-magazine.com/yanomami-tribe-venezuela-amazon/

7. Culture is Learned Not genetically acquired Humankind is different than Bees Honey Bees are programmed UV lining and nectar source for pollination Hive as a factory model Humankind’s behaviour is learned in comparison

8. Acquisition of culture Vs conditioning Unlike domesticated pets including dogs & parrots as an example Habitat Dogs are conditioned to perform jobs based on rewards Parrots learn to talk Repetition Manipulation Desired Behaviour vs Human Culture

9. Symbols for Acquisition of Culture

10. Modern Signs & Symbols

11. Symbols, Alphabets, Language & Culture Symbol and its intrinsic value (US & Pak Flag) Culture is embedded in language Babies learn language from birth Native of a language Metaphors grounded in Folkways Alphabets are arbitrary symbols All lexicon is diversity of culture, both material and web of intangible Capacity of language Power of language through colonial means Inheritance and connection with indigenous language (Indoctrinate) Adaptive

12. Four Field Approach ( contnd .) i . Archaeology Stonehenge, UK Terracotta Army Amazon Rock Art Structure on the Land Surface Excavation Inscription

13. Brushing off dust

14. Methods in Archaeology Ecofacts Zooarchaelogists Archeobotanits Expert Digging Relative Dating Stratigraphy Radiocarbon Dating (C-14)

15. How do we know that it is a marked burial site? Techniques in Excavation Specialized Tools, instruments and Machinery Grid- Coordinate System, Mapping, Elevation and Civil Engineering. Why must archaeology be mentioned as first discipline out of four field approach? Material Culture Artifacts

16. P hysical or Biological anthropology is concerned with the origin , evolution , and diversity of people . Physical anthropologists work broadly on three major sets of problems: human and nonhuman primate evolution, human variation and its significance ( Race ), and the biological bases of human behaviour . (Anthropometry) Physical Anthropology

17. Vestigial Organs & Congenital Structures Body Hair & Hair covering (Nostrils & Ears) Erect Spine and tail bone (coccyx) Skull Size Arm Size Teeth Structure Tonsils 4 sinuses Palmaris Muscles Pineal Gland https://thesciencenotes.com/definition-and-examples-of-vestigial-organs/ Evidence of Human Evolution

18. Anthropometry i . Skull Size Comparison

19. The skulls are more modest in size than that of the current man. V olume of the brain ran between 600-700 c.c. The brow was higher than in chimps and the face was jutting. The forehead edges were unmistakable. The back of the skull was round in shape.  They have huge jaws with little incisors. It additionally had enormous and spatulate canines  They had huge cheek Bone (teeth). Features of a Peking Man, an anthropological investigation… ii. Lengths & Sizes

20. Linguistic anthropology  studies the nature of human languages in the context of those cultures that developed them . Scholars in the field seek to understand the social and cultural foundations of language itself , while exploring how social and cultural formations are grounded in linguistic practices H istorical linguistics Descriptive linguistics Socio-linguistics Linguistic Anthropology

21. Social or cultural anthropology is  the study of human society and cultures through a comparative lens . Social anthropologists seek to understand how people live in societies and how they make their lives meaningful. Social Anthropology

22. Resources Course Pack +