Introduction to Aquaculture: fish farming And fertilizers

A simple presentation about:
13. Introduction to Aquaculture
13.1. Fundamentals of Fish Farming
13.2. Fertilizers

School purpose only.

1. Introduction to
Aquaculture:
Fundamentals of Fish
Farming and Fertilizers

2. Aquaculture is the practice of cultivating aquatic
organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and
aquatic plants in controlled environments.
It is also known as fish farming or aquafarming.
Aquaculture plays a crucial role in meeting the
growing demand for seafood and contributes to
food security and economic development.
What is
Aquaculture?
I. Introduction to Aquaculture

3. History of
Aquaculture
● Aquaculture has been practiced for
thousands of years, with evidence of fish
farming in ancient Egypt, China, and Rome.
● In the 20th century, technological
advancements and scientific research led to
the development of modern aquaculture
techniques.
● Today, aquaculture is a rapidly growing
industry worldwide.

4. Cage Culture: Fish are reared in cages submerged
in natural water bodies such as rivers, lakes, or
oceans.
Pond Culture: Fish are raised in artificially
created ponds or lakes.
Types of Aquaculture System
THERE ARE VARIOUS TYPES OF AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS, INCLUDING:

5. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS):
Water is continuously recycled and reused in
closed systems.
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture
(IMTA): Multiple species are cultivated
together to create a symbiotic relationship.

6. Increased Food Production: Aquaculture helps meet the growing demand
for seafood and reduces pressure on wild fish stocks.
1.
Economic Development: The aquaculture industry creates jobs and
stimulates economic growth in coastal communities.
2.
Environmental Sustainability: Sustainable aquaculture practices can
minimize environmental impacts and promote conservation.
3.
Nutritional Value: Aquaculture provides a reliable source of high-quality
protein and essential nutrients.
4.
Benefits of Aquaculture
Aquaculture offers several benefits:

7. 1. Disease Management: Disease outbreaks can lead to significant economic losses
in aquaculture operations.
2. Environmental Impact: Improper waste management and the use of antibiotics
can harm ecosystems.
3. Feed Sustainability: The reliance on fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture feeds
raises concerns about overfishing and resource depletion.
4. Regulatory Framework: Effective regulations are needed to ensure responsible
and sustainable aquaculture practices.
Challenges in Aquaculture
Despite its benefits, aquaculture faces challenges:

8. 1. Technological Advancements: Innovation in areas such as genetics, feed
formulation, and water management will improve efficiency and sustainability.
2. Integrated Approaches: Integrated aquaculture systems that combine fish
farming with other activities, such as agriculture or renewable energy production, can
maximize resource utilization.
3. Research and Collaboration: Continued research, knowledge sharing, and
collaboration among stakeholders are essential for the growth and development of
the aquaculture industry.
Future of Aquaculture
The future of aquaculture holds great potential:

9. Water Source: A clean and reliable water source
is essential for fish health and growth.
Water Quality: The water should have suitable
temperature, oxygen levels, and pH for the target
fish species.
Site Selection
II. Fundamentals of Fish Farming
Accessibility: The farm should be easily
accessible for transportation, supplies, and
market distribution.
Land Availability: Sufficient land area is required
for ponds, tanks, or other fish farming systems.

10. Fish Species
Selection
Choosing the right fish species is important
for successful fish farming. Considerations
include:
1. Market Demand: Select fish species that have a high
demand and market value.
2. Adaptability: Choose fish species that can thrive in the
local environmental conditions and water parameters.
3. Growth Rate: Consider the growth rate of the fish
species to ensure profitability and efficient production.
4. Disease Resistance: Select fish species that are
known to have good disease resistance to minimize health
issues.

11. Pond Design
and
Construction
Pond culture is a common fish farming
method. Considerations for pond design and
construction include:
1. Pond Size and Depth: Determine the appropriate size
and depth based on the target fish species and
production goals.
2. Water Exchange: Ensure proper water exchange to
maintain water quality and oxygen levels.
3. Pond Liner: Use a suitable liner to prevent water
leakage and maintain water levels.
4. Pond Drainage: Design a proper drainage system to
facilitate pond management and water exchange.

12. 3 Factors that
work together to
make a good site
for a fish pond:
Water Supply - fish depends upon
water for all their needs.— breaths,
eat, grow, reproduce
1.
Soil - pond must be able to hold
water.
2.
Topography - a word used to
describe the shape of the land —
whether it is flat or hilly, upland or
lowland, etc.
3.

13. Feeding and
Nutrition
Providing proper nutrition is essential for fish
growth and health. Considerations include:
1. Commercial Feeds: Use commercially formulated
feeds that provide the necessary nutrients for the target
fish species.
2. Feeding Frequency: Establish a feeding schedule
based on the fish species' requirements and growth rate.
3. Feeding Techniques: Implement appropriate feeding
techniques, such as hand feeding or automatic feeders.
4. Feed Management: Monitor feed consumption, adjust
feeding rates, and minimize feed waste to optimize growth
and minimize environmental impact.

14. Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
What are the
nutrients
required by the
fish?
Vitamins
Minerals
Types of feeding:
Natural food
Supplemental
Complete

15. The nutrient composition of the
feeds should be tailored to the
requirement of the fish to be fed.
The nutritional value of
different artificial feeds depend
on the palatability, digestibility
and nutrients composition.

16. Water Quality Management: Maintaining optimal water
quality is crucial for fish health and growth. Factors such as
temperature, dissolved oxygen levels, pH, and ammonia
levels need to be monitored and controlled.
Disease Management: Fish farming can be susceptible to
disease outbreaks. Regular health monitoring, vaccination,
and appropriate treatment protocols are important for
disease prevention and control.

17. Fertilizers play a crucial role in aquaculture, especially in pond culture. Here's an
overview of fertilizers in aquaculture:
1. Organic Fertilizers: Organic materials
such as animal manure, compost, or plant
residues can be used as fertilizers in
aquaculture. These materials provide
nutrients that promote the growth of
phytoplankton, which serves as a food
source for fish.

III. Fertilizers
2. Inorganic Fertilizers: Inorganic
fertilizers, such as nitrogen, phosphorus,
and potassium compounds, can also be
used to enhance pond productivity.
These fertilizers are typically applied in
controlled amounts to avoid water
pollution and maintain a balanced
ecosystem.

18. Cont.
3. Nutrient Cycling: Fertilizers
contribute to nutrient cycling in
aquaculture systems. Fish excreta and
uneaten feed release nutrients into the
water, which can be utilized by
phytoplankton and other organisms.
This cycling of nutrients helps maintain
a healthy and productive ecosystem.
4. Environmental Considerations:
Proper management of fertilizers is
important to prevent excessive
nutrient loading and water pollution.
Overuse of fertilizers can lead to
eutrophication, which can harm
aquatic ecosystems.

19. ● Aquaculture, including fish farming and the use of fertilizers, plays a
vital role in meeting the global demand for seafood.
● Understanding the fundamentals of fish farming, including species
selection, hatchery operations, grow-out systems, feeding, water quality
management, and disease control, is crucial for successful aquaculture
operations.
● The use of fertilizers, both organic and inorganic, can enhance pond
productivity and nutrient cycling in aquaculture systems.
● Responsible and sustainable practices, along with proper management
of fertilizers, are essential for the long-term viability of aquaculture and the
protection of aquatic ecosystems.
Conclusion

20. Thank you